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Title: Religion and Spirituality/Spiritualism - Spiritualism John Olav Oldertrøen on Physical Mediumship in contemporary England.
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Spiritualism
Sorry, your browser doesn't support Java.
THESE PAGES WILL SOON GO OFFLINE. WHEN SO, YOU WILL FIND THIS SPECIAL CONTENT AT ONE OF MY NEW SITES: PANWEB.ORG.
My
fieldwork concerned belief and practice in Spiritualism in contemporary
England. There has not been, as far as I know, any recently anthropological
investigation concerning Spiritualism in western societies. The exception
is Swatos' study of a famous Icelandic medium, but still, that study is
not contemporary. My choice of ethnographic region was England because Britain
was the first European country which opened itself for Spiritualism when
it first came from the US to Europe in the late 19.th century.
Then,
in the last part of the 19.th century and the first part of the 20.th
century, Spiritualism grew rapidly and spread to all parts of the population
in England and in the continental Europe.
Spiritualism
divided into physical mediumship and mental mediumship. Christian Spiritualists
was fighting against the church and the non-Christian Spiritualists. Some
parts of the Spiritualist-movement turned to New-Age movements, while
still others became influenced on numerous other ways. But still, the
main thing in Spiritualism endures: the belief in the Afterlife, and the
possibility to communicate with those on the other side. "The Death
is the biggest Lie on earth".
There
has been a lot of investigation concerning Spiritualism, but not about
Spiritualism in general. The early and later researchers were all concerned
about how to prove or disprove Spiritualistic mediums,
the Spiritual world, the eventually afterlife or to explain strange phenomena's
that occur during seances, or PK and telekinesis, among other related
phenomena which all are claimed to rest upon spiritual or (occult) mental
power. Those who have been (and indeed still is) investigating this, are
called psychic researchers.
That's
absolutely not my intention. I will try to find out how and why someone
become mediums, who they are, who the spiritualists are, who and what
the spirits are, how the spiritual world are, what the afterlife is, which
levels in the afterlife exists and which is reachable in seances, how
are seances done and a lot more. These things are extremely interesting!
I
was conducting
my fieldwork from September 1997 to the beginning of April 1998. I participated
in demonstration seances (physical mediumship) and gathered a lot of data,
in addition to some tons of books I have read.
Now
I am finsihed with my fieldwork. I have succeeded in gathering a lot field
data. I have participated in a lot of physical seances, and met quite
a lot of interesting people, specially through the Noah's
Ark Society and the Society for Psychical Research. A big thank you
to two very helpful ladies in the Society for Psychical Research
(49. Marloes Road, Kensington, London.
(Tube: Circle line. Turn left, through Boots, pass Penguin, turn right,
turn left, pass one excellent Thai Restaurant and there you are.)
And, of course, without The Noahs Ark Society, everything would have been
extremely difficult.
I owe you a lot!
Everyone that have helped me will be credited in my thesis. There is a
crowd of you.
During
my fieldwork, I stayed in London (sout west 17). If you are a medium,
or wish to get in contact with me, please drop
me a mail. Despite that I have finished my fielwork, you can still
send me e-mails. The results of my investigation will be presented and
will be the final part of my Cand.Polit (between MPhil and Ph.D) degree
in Social Anthropology at the University of Oslo, hopefully before the
summer of 2000.
So
how to make you own seances?
All
the spiritualists I have spoken to agrees on this: do not use the
Ouija-table in your seances. That's because you don't have any control
with whom or what you might be able to come in contact with.
If not the spirits should be dangerous, don't forget what the human mind
might be able to...As a general rule: never, ever try to
make any seance alone! That is really dangerous.
But
anyhow; using a Ouija-table or practising table-tilting is one way to
try to develop mediumism, or to get the first contact from the other side.
The trick is to not attach to deep reliability to the messages given,
since they, as told above, could be corrupt in many ways. Also, it is
essential to develop a circle (for the purpose of a sitting) with good
conditions (see the Noah's Ark Society) and try to attend regular sittings.
The quality of the sittings depends on time, and some of the best mediums
have spent a lot of years developing their gifts. Don't expect anything,
since every sitting (seance) is to be considered as an experiment. Also
bear in mind that physical mediumship is far more rare than mental mediumship
(as platform mediums in spiritualist churches).
Consider
the following event: Someone in you (r circle!) should fall into trance
during a seance, stay cool. Maybe the spirits appear through a control-spirit
through the medium (in trance), and the communication might be open. Usually
the medium does not remember anything from the seance, as far as I know.
The eventually mediums must be treated well, since the medium him/her
self will then not be able to watch their own achievements, unless you
get the permission to tape-record the seance.
Duncans
case: A warning: The famous Scottish medium Helen Duncan was exposed
to flashlight from a small army of journalists during her last seance,
when she was in trance. No one had given any permission to take photos.
Well, this was Duncans last seance. Later she passed over.
(according to spiritualists ectoplasm will disappear quickly
when exposed to white light, and a fast dissolving of ectoplasm back into,
specially the medium, will cause harm. It is said that this process will
burn the medium, and Duncan had burning marks on her tummy from where
the ectoplasm appeared and disappeared.), and her death (and imprisonment
because of witchcraft(!)) made her the first martyr of Spiritualism.
Ectoplasm:
During physical seances, according to the spiritualists, the spirits use
a psychic substance that they extract and build from the medium (in trance)
and in smaller quantities from the spectators (the sitters), which is
called ectoplasm. This substance can seriously harm the medium
if exposed to sharp white light, when the substance will subtract too
fast back into the medium, as mentioned in the Duncan case above.
Ectoplasm is the substance from which the spirits form materialization's
and are able to make physical phenomena occur. That is one of the reasons
why it is important to practice safe physical mediumship. The
Noah's Ark Society (named after the medium Noah Zerdin) can teach
you how to practice safe physical mediumship.
Back
to my main page.
Tilbake
til den norske hovedsiden.
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John | Olav | Oldertrøen | on | Physical | Mediumship | in | contemporary | England. |
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