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| About site: Issues/Labor/Migrant Workers - International Migrant Workers: Oregon State Archives |
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| About site: http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/osu/osuintwork.html |
Title: Issues/Labor/Migrant Workers - International Migrant Workers: Oregon State Archives Archival information on Mexican migrant workers in Oregon in the 1940s.
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International Migrant Workers   Mexican Nationals Arriving at the Hood River Train Station, ca.1943.Hood River was one of twenty-eight Oregon counties thatutilized Mexican labor. [P20:790]International Migrant WorkersMexican nationals constituted almost all of the internationalmigrant workers utilized in Oregon from 1942 through 1947. Beginningin 1942, the Bracero Program (the name given to the wartime laboragreement between the U.S. and Mexico) placed over 15,000 Mexican menon Oregon farms. They were used as "shock troops" -- moved from placeto place throughout the state where critical labor shortagesoccurred. Historian Erasmo Gamboa wrote that the Mexican workers werea "highly regimented and effective labor force . . . they were oncall on a daily basis, including Sundays, and could be transferred ata moment's notice to meet labor shortages elsewhere."While the Extension Service was responsible for determining theneed for and the training and placement of Mexican workers, the WarFood Administration had responsibility for their recruitment,transportation to Oregon, housing, and supervision. Camps for Mexicanworkers were operated by the Labor Branch of the U.S. Department ofAgriculture. Many were "mobile" -- easily moved from place toplace.Despite their effectiveness as laborers, Mexican workers sometimesencountered harsh living conditions, a lack of interpreters at thecamps, and wage disputes. County Mexican Sponsoring Committeesremedied some of the problems. Mexican workers were bumped from theirjobs by workers released from wartime industries and returningservicemen. By 1947, the Emergency Farm Labor Service was placingemphasis on decreasing the amount of Mexican labor needed.Select the image you would like to view. . . . MexicanWorkers Picking Cucumbers Near Scappoose, 1945.[P20:518] MexicanWorkers Holding Flag During Mexican Independence Celebration at aMobile Labor Camp in Columbia County, September 16, 1945. MexicanWorkers Celebrating the Anniversary of Mexican Independence at aMobile Labor Camp in Columbia County, September 16, 1945. J. R.Beck, state supervisor of the Emergency Farm Labor Service, urgedcooperation on the part of farmers in allowing the workers tocelebrate the holiday. These three photographs were taken bycommercial photographer Maurice Hodge of Portland. [#972 andP20:519] WorkersLoading Up at One of the Mexican Farm Labor Camps in Umatilla CountyDuring the Cannery Pea Harvest, 1943. Farmers trucked the workersto their farms early in the morning and returned them to the camp atthe end of the day's work. Photograph by Pendleton photographer BusHowdyshell. [#972] MexicanWorkers in an Apple Orchard, Hood River County, ca. 1944. Mrs.Merril Hart, left, a retired farmer's wife, volunteered to directcrews because of her ability to speak Spanish. A lack of interpreterswas a problem encountered by Mexican workers. [P120:2787] MexicanWorker Receiving Treatment at the Trailer Dispensary, Athena FarmLabor Camp, Umatilla County, 1947. Dorothy Burleson, left, ofWalla Walla, Washington, worked as a nurse at both the Athena andMilton-Freewater farm labor camps in Umatilla County.[P120:2806] JamaicanFarm Laborer Working on a Pea Viner, Umatilla County, 1945. Mostof the state's 40,000 tons of cannery peas produced in 1945 weregrown in Umatilla County. Fifty Jamaican workers helped with thecounty's pea harvest that year. [P40] MexicanWorkers Manually Harvesting Potatoes, Klamath County, 1943. Eachworker would stay on his row until finished, carrying a supply ofempty sacks fastened to a picking belt. The 1943 potato harvest inKlamath County was the largest to that time. [P120:2813] A400-Acre Potato Field North of Klamath Falls, October 1944.Mexican workers were often employed to harvest large plantings suchas this one on the Jerry Short farm near Upper Klamath Lake.[P120:2350] Camp"Mail Wall," Hood River County, ca. 1945. Mexican workersreturning to the Odell camp after the day's work went to the "mailwall" where letters from home were posted. [P120:2778] MexicanWorker Playing Guitar, Hood River County, ca. 1945. The farmlabor camps for Mexican nationals had few organized recreationalactivities. Laborers provided most of their own recreation andentertainment. [P120:2781] Go to the exhibit panel titled . . . Administration Women's Land Army Prisoners-of-War Victory Farm Volunteers (youth) Other Workers Farm Labor Housing Introduction Home Page Credits and AcknowledgementsOregon StateUniversity Archives Home PageReturn toOregon State Archives Home Page |
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Archival | information | on | Mexican | migrant | workers | in | Oregon | in | the | 1940s. |
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http://arcweb.sos.state.or.us/osu/osuintwork.html
International Migrant Workers: Oregon State Archives 2008 July
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Archival information on Mexican migrant workers in Oregon in the 1940s.
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