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| About site: http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF12/1238.html |
Title: Issues/Immigration/Brain Drain - Brain Drain Saps Former Soviet Union of Scientists, Alaska Science Forum Article by science writer Ned Rozell. (June 8, 1995)
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Brain Drain Saps Former Soviet Union of Scientists, Alaska Science Forum logo0=new Image();logo1=new Image(); logo2=new Image(); logo3=new Image();logo0.src="../images/new1.jpg";logo1.src="../images/new2.jpg";logo2.src="../images/main1.jpg";logo3.src="../images/main2.jpg";Alaska Science ForumJune 8, 1995 Brain Drain Saps Former Soviet Union ofScientistsArticle #1238by Ned RozellThis column is provided as a public service by the GeophysicalInstitute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, in cooperation with theUAF research community. NedRozell, is a science writer at the institute.Proposed congressional budget cuts hint at toughtimes ahead for American scientists who compete for an ever-shrinkingpot of federal dollars to fund their projects. Several visitingscientists at the University of Alaska Fairbanks have already seenthe crumbling of national support for science in their home country,and it's not a pretty sight.They're from the former Soviet Union, a societythat puts more value on bus drivers than scientists. Scientists atthe U.S.S.R Academy of Sciences in Moscow "may earn 750 rubles amonth, while a trolleybus driver in Moscow may earn 1,200-1,400rubles a month," wrote Leonid V. Ksanfomality, former laboratorychief at the Academy's Space Research Institute, in 1991. "Bothacademic and applied sciences now are pushed aside entirely in asociety in upheaval, where science and technology seem less relevantthan buying bread and meat."The change in priorities that followed thedemocratization of the former Soviet Union chased away manyscientists, who took with them their knowledge to solve health,environmental and other problems now plaguing the country. Like manytop researchers, Geophysical Institute Research Associate ofAtmospheric Sciences Victor Filyushkin was part of the brain drain ofscientists who sought better opportunity in anothercountry.Filyushkin, a whiz in math and physics as ateenager, enrolled at the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technologyat age 17. After earning his masters and doctorate degree and workingat the Central Aerological Observatory in Moscow, his research wasimpressive enough to earn him an invitation to work as a visitingscientist at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder,Colorado, in 1990. From there he went on to the University ofOklahoma, where he helped develop a computer model showing how cloudscan affect climate change. This work led him to the GeophysicalInstitute, where he is supported by funds from the U.S. Department ofEnergy to study climate change in the Arctic. Filyushkin saidscientific research in the United States differs from that in theformer Soviet Union in quality of equipment&emdash;especiallycomputers&emdash;and the competitiveness required to securefunding."The competition is very tough," he said. "Youknow how this country runs---it's a market system. If you don't havesomething to offer, you won't stay around."In the pre-breakup Soviet Union, scientists wereassured funds from the government once they worked their way up to asenior position. Research money came primarily from the government,with a large chunk from the military. After the cold war ended in1989, research funding from the military "practically disappeared,"said Leonid Yurganov, an atmospheric scientist now workingtemporarily at the Geophysical Institute.Yurganov, of St. Petersburg, formerly worked inthe Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute in St. Petersburg. Hisresearch on carbon monoxide levels in the air is funded in part bythe International Science Foundation, a $100 million endowment set upby New York billionaire George Soros to pump some life into Sovietscience.When Yurganov's present grant runs out in August,he'll write a proposal to get another one. His options are limitedback home, where he recently had to moonlight to make ends meet. Whenhe was in St. Petersburg last November, he translated Russian toEnglish for other scientists instead of doing researchfull-time."It's a depression; a stagnation in the industry,"Yurganov said of science in his homeland. Brain drain symptoms mayalready be appearing in the former Soviet Union, a country facingserious air, water and soil pollution. Hopefully, those in the U.S.Congress will take note of what can happen when the best andbrightest are forced to look elsewhere because of withering nationalsupport.   [What's New Index] [Main Index] |
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Article | by | science | writer | Ned | Rozell. | (June | 8, | 1995) |
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http://www.gi.alaska.edu/ScienceForum/ASF12/1238.html
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