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Midrash Rosh Hashanah Page  Join our Mailing List   RoshHashanah  Hear the shofar being blown. Hear the Halakhoth of Rosh Hashanah - part 1 Hear the Halakhoth of Rosh Hashanah - part 2Shiur on Ben Ish Hai, by Hakham Yoseph Hayyim, 'a"hgiven by the Hakham, Rabbi Ya'aqob Menashe Clickhere for information on the Aqedah.Clickhere for a recipe of apples in sugar.Clickhere to send a multimedia e-greeting card.  Hear the shofar being blown. TheAqedah of Yishaq Abinu is a very important theme on both Rosh Hashanahand Yom Kippur. G-d said to Abraham Abinu that the Shofar (ram's horn)should be blown on Rosh Hashanah. Through this, whenever His people wouldsin, the Shofar would remind him of the Aqedah and He would forgive them.Abraham Abinu askedG-d what a "Shofar" was and on this it is written "...And Abraham liftedhis eyes and behold a ram was caught in the thicket by his horns."The Shofar is firstblown on the first morning of Rosh Hashanah (unless it falls on Shabbath)and is preceded by the blessing of Sheheheyanu. There are some interesting differences between Ashkenazi and Sephardi practice in the sound, content and blowing of the Shofar. On the second day Sheheheyanuis not recited. by Sepharadim who, in general,follow the teachings of Maran in the Shulhan 'Arukh. Ashkenazim, who generallygo according to the Rama, recite the blessing on both days.Some sit for therecitation of the blessings of the Shofar, while others stand. The customat Midrash BEN ISH HAI is for the congregation to sit during the blessings.The congregation sitsduring the blowings prior to the 'Amidah.Sepharadim blowduring both the silent 'Amidah and the repetition and blow a total of onehundred and one calls (101 is the Gematria for Mikhael, Israel's guardianangel). The last one being a Teru'ah Gedolah after 'Aleinu Leshabbeyah.Ashkenazim blow only one hundred calls and the last one is a Teqi'ah Gedolahinstead. In some Hassidic communities, the custom is to blow two hundred.Women are, in theory,exempt from hearing the Shofar. However, most women nowadays are consideredto have made a vow to hear it and, as such, if they are unable to hearit on Rosh Hashanah they must make an annulment of that vow prior to theonset of the holy day.Rosh Hashanah isone of the holiest days in the year and a day of judgment for all mankind.In preparation, on the morning of 'Ereb Rosh Hashanah, one should cut oneshair (specifically before midday, as according to the Qabbalah hair shouldnot be cut in the afternoon). Both men and women go to the Miqweh, (ritual-bath)and some fast. Hattarath Nedareem (the annulment of vows) is made.It is customary tovisit the cemeteries on the eve of the Holiday. In Jerusalem, a Hakhamshould be consulted concerning changes made to this custom.When Rosh Hashanahfalls on Thursday and Friday, one must remember to prepare the 'Erub Tabshileenin order to be able to cook on Rosh Hashanah for Shabbath.Ashkenazi wear a Takhrikh (kittel in Yiddish - or death shroud) on Rosh Hashanah. Sephardim do not have this custom but both men and women should dress in white. The reason for this is that when the nations of the world are to be judged, they wearblack. But the Jewish nation – coming in judgment before itsCreator – wears white as a sign of faith and confidence that the HeavenlyFather, in his abundant mercy, will bless us with a good and favorablejudgment. However, one should not wear new clothes on the first day, asthis might lead to arrogance at a time when one is pleading for mercy.During the 'Arbithprayer, it is a good custom – and common in several Sepharadi communities– for the 'Amidah to be read aloud.Extreme care shouldbe taken to avoid anger on Rosh Hashanah. To assist in this, the lady ofthe house should ensure that the table is laid and everything prepraredwhen her husband returns home from Synagogue. But if it is not, the husbandmust take care not to be bothered by it in any way.Ashkenazim have theminhagh of dipping the Hammosi in honey on Rosh Hashanah, and this is theappropriate custom according to Ashkenazi tradition. According to Hakham Yoseph Hayyim, 'a"h, in the holy work BEN ISH HAI, the Hammosi must be dipped three times in sugar andthree times in salt. Salt must be used because the table is likened tothe altar and the Hammosi to the offering thereon. And on this it is written:"... With all thine offerings thou shalt offer salt". Another reason for the use of sugar instead of honey is that it is further written in connection withthe offering of incense: "...You shall not offer leaven or honey..." and"...If honey were added it became ritually unfit".For these reasons,Hakham Yoseph Hayyim,zy'a"a, writes, in his holy work BEN ISH HAI, thatthe applesthat are eaten prior to the meal should be cookedin sugar and not honey. It follows logically, in such a case, the symbolic request (that ouryear should be sweet) that is recited with it, should not include the term"Kaddebash" ("like honey").While some eat fishduring Rosh Hashanah, according to Rab Hid"a and others, it is correct to abstain – because the Hebrew word for fish Dagh is likened to the word for worryDeagha. If it is not practical to place a Rosh Kebes on the table, a roosterhead should be used instead. One who is particular about the above dictum would avoid a fish head.On the first day,Tashlikh – the casting of ones sins into the water – is recited. When thefirst day of Rosh Hashanah fall on Shabbath, Some postpone Tashlikh tothe second day. However, according to the ruling in Ben Ish Hai, Tashlikh must be made on the first day, even when it is on Shabbath. In such a case,however, since one may not carry outside an 'Erub, only the portion of"Mi E-l Kamokha" is recited by heart at the water, and the portions beforeand after are read in the Synagogue. Tashlikh is preceded by the readingof Tehilleem and Adra Zota. (Tehilleem are also read on the second day,followed by Adra Rabba).The readingof Tehilleem and Adra Zota and Rabba usually takes place at people's homes,in groups of ten to fifteen. It is followed there by the the praying ofMinha, except on Shabbath, when all pray at the Synagogue, in order tohear the Sefer Torah.When the first dayis on Shabbath, Ashkenazim postpone the recitation of Tashlikh to the secondday. In the holy work BEN ISH HAI, however, it is written that Tashlikhis made on the first day, even when this is on Shabbath. In such a case,however, great care must be taken not to carry a prayer-book (or anythingelse) in a place where there is no 'Erub.Some Ashkenazim symbolicallythrow bread into the water at Tashlikh services. However, there is a differenceof opinion among Ashkenazim on this matter and others do not because of the prohibition of feeding the fish in the sea on Shabbath or Yom Tob. Sepharadeemdo not have this custom and may not throw bread into the water on RoshHashanah.During the ten daysfrom Rosh Hashanah to Yom Kippur one should be particularly careful aboutones actions and speech, be repentant and increase the giving of charity.Taken from the writingsof Hakham Ya'aqob Menashe.Clickhere for more information on the Aqedah.  Click here to join our mailing list.   Click hereto contact Midrash BEN ISH HAI.©Copyright Midrash BEN ISH HAI. All Rights Reserved Worldwide. |
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