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Bureaucracy
Home Up
My Web Log (blog) | Other Essays |Notes and Links
Humor resources - directory of Humor related websites.
Introduction
These are Moore's Laws of
Bureaucracy. They are derived from a social-cybernetic viewpoint, inspired by musing
about the perversities of private and public bureaucratic systems. These laws are meant to
be taken seriously, but also in a spirit of humor... as much as is appropriate for such a ghastly subject.
11/07/2002: Just In... An Example of how One Uncaring Bureaucracy (Qwest Inc.) is Evil and Incompetent!
Summary
This is a summary of the laws. Each line is a link to a more
complete description.
See Preliminary
Observations for the underlying assumptions.
Large Bureaucracies Cannot Possibly Achieve
their Goals
Large Bureaucracies Will Thrash Wildly About,
Causing Much Cost, Pain and Destruction
Large
Bureaucracies are Evil
Large
Bureaucracies Have No Heart
Large
Bureaucracies are Perverse
Large Bureaucracies Are Immortal
Large
Bureaucracies Will Grow Without Bound
Preliminary Observations
(1) A bureaucracy is a servo-mechanism. It computes an error signal by processing the
current state of the external system against the desired state. It then generates
corrective commands to minimize the future error signal, and hence to drive the state of
the system in the desired direction.
(2) The state of the system is measured in many variables, by samples from sensors. The
state is modified by the actions of effectors.
(3) In a bureaucracy, there are a large number of sensors (low level bureaucrats) and a
large number of effectors (also low level bureaucrats). Goals are provided by an external
authority.
(4) In order to acquire and filter information from the sensors, process that
information against the goals, and propagate and refine the correction (difference) signal
to the effectors, a management hierarchy is required.
(5) The larger the bureaucracy, the deeper the hierarchy. The depth is logarithmically
proportional to the sum of the number of sensors and the number of effectors. The top of
the hierarchy is a single bureaucrat with a title like "Director,"
"Secretary," "Administrator" or "Commander." The middle
layers of the hierarchy are populated by mid-level bureaucrats.
* * * * * * The Laws Themselves * * * * * *
Failure to Achive Goals
(1a) The probability of the decision element at the top correctly measuring the system
state decreases exponentially with the depth of the hierarchy. Each level adds noise to
the information as it passes through. Thus the measurement signal is very noisy in a large
bureaucracy.
(1b) The same logic applies to the transmission of the correction signal back downwards
through the system.
(1c) Thus the likelihood of the system correctly responding to the inputs and goals
goes down at a high rate (approximately K to the 2N power where (1-K) is the error rate of
one individual and N is the depth of the bureaucracy).
(1d) Thus LARGE BUREAUCRACIES CANNOT POSSIBLY ACHIEVE THEIR GOALS!
Thrashing
(2a) Furthermore, even if the signal were to be transmitted correctly, it would be
delayed by the depth of the hierarchy.
(2b)Servo theory tells us that corrective feedback, applied with a significant time
lag, causes oscillations of ever increasing magnitude.
(2c) Thus LARGE BUREAUCRACIES WILL THRASH WILDLY ABOUT, CAUSING MUCH COST, PAIN
AND DESTRUCTION!
Evil
(3a) In addition, the probability of a person in society being highly amoral (a
sociopath) is about 5%. A sociopath will act totally selfishly in almost all
circumstances.
(3b) Thus the probability that a sociopath will not be in the feedback loop is at most
(.95^2N)).
(3c) But in reality, the power wielded by a bureaucracy attracts sociopaths, so their
density will be much greater in a bureaucracy than in the population at large.
(3d) Thus, the probability that a sociopath will not be in the feedback loop is around
(.8^2N))
(3e) So a typical bureaucracy with 12 levels has a 99.5 percent chance that one or more
sociopaths are in each control path. The actual percentage is somewhat lower because the
sensor and effector information paths often overlap.
(3f) Thus LARGE BUREAUCRACIES ARE EVIL!
Heartless
(4a)In order to try to thwart the noise and sociopaths in the system, those at the top
will create rules (policies) that apply directly to the sensors and effectors. Rules are
also needed by government bureaucracies in order to provide an appearance of fairness or
even-handedness.
(4b) This, of course, is doomed to failure since the information on which these
policies are based was created by the noisy system.
(4c) But since bureaucrats must believe in their own wisdom and power, they will
persist in this silliness.
(4c) So the effectors, who actually deal with the public, will be totally constrained
in their behavior by rigid rules.
(4d) Thus LARGE BUREAUCRACIES HAVE NO HEART!
Perverse
(5a) By the way, bureaucracies are created to produce long term results.
(5b) But, bureaucrats have their own goals of rising rapidly within the organization.
(5c) So bureaucrats will demand to be measured on their short term performance.
(5d) So the bureaucracy will focus on these short term goals.
(5e) Thus LARGE BUREAUCRACIES ARE PERVERSE! [see Note 3]
Immortal
(6a) Of course, Bureaucracies never achieve their goals (see #1 above).
(6b) Thus, they must keep striving.
(6c) So they keep acquiring new bureaucrats as the old ones wear out.
(6d) Thus LARGE BUREAUCRACIES ARE IMMORTAL!
Grow Without Bounds
(7a) Finally, the power of a bureaucrat is determined by how many people report to her.
(7b) Thus she is motivated to increase her staff by increasing the reach of her portion
of the bureaucracy.
(7c) Thus LARGE BUREAUCRACIES WILL GROW WITHOUT BOUND! [See Notes 1,2]
Notes and Links
[1] As was pointed out by Clark Jones (jones@azterra.San-Jose.ate.slb.com):
"The amount of matter in the universe is finite (and the sum of matter [times c**2]
and energy at least appears to be constant). Every bureaucrat has some finite mass. This
will, eventually, serve to limit the number of bureaucrats, and thus, in turn, impose an
upper limit on the size of bureaucracies."
[2] The trend of governments to attempt to regulate the Internet constitutes a
recent example of this law. The government is itself an enormous bureaucracy, and as such
seeks power. In the case of he Internet, however, the outcome will be more consistent with
conclusion 1d: LARGE BUREAUCRACIES WILL FAIL TO CONQUER THE INTERNET!
[3] Law of Bureaucracies apply outside of governmental institutions. For
example, the administration of private pension funds is certainly affected by the Fifth
Law of Bureaucracy: the individuals are administering funds whose owners have long term
goals, but whose fiduciaries have short term goals - their annual bonuses and their
reputations. Likewise, publicly regulated monopolies tend to incorporate the worst
combination of governmental and private bureaucracies. See, for example, QWest, Inc.
John Moore
Note: Not to be confused with Moore's Law of Semiconductors.
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