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Title: Issues/Poverty/Welfare - Almanac of Policy Issues: Welfare Background information and links on the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and U.S. federal welfare policy generally.
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Welfare Almanac of Policy Issues Home : Policy Archive  : Search Sponsored Listings Questia: Search over 400,000 books and journals at Questia online. FastWeb Free Scholarship Search: Find free money for college or an advanced degree. var site="sm3pwl1776" Site Meter    

Welfare

Welfare was first established as a federal program during the Great Depression. In 1935, Congress enacted Aid to Dependent Children (ADC), a relatively modest program focused primarily on widows, orphans, divorced or deserted mothers and their children. By 1939, ADC covered only about 700,000 people, and at least two-thirds of eligible children were not covered. The program grew slowly but steadily over the next two decades, providing assistance to about 3 million people by 1960. Growth accelerated during the 1960s and 1970s, however, and enrollment in the renamed Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC) in 1994 reached a peak of 14.2 million recipients, a figure comprising 5.0 million families and 9.6 million children. In 1992, Bill Clinton was elected president promising to "end welfare as we know it," and in 1994 a Republican Congress was elected that was determined to change the existing system. On August 22, 1996, Clinton signed the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Act, which ended the welfare entitlement and replaced it with a new block grant providing $16.5 billion per year to states to assist the needy. The new program, called Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), differed from its predecessor in a number of important ways, including: Eliminating the Welfare Entitlement: Recipients are no longer guaranteed welfare benefits based on eligibility. The 1996 law also eliminated a child care guarantee for welfare recipients, but provided increased funding ($13.9 billion over six years) for child care through a newly created Child Care and Community Development Block Grant. The 1996 law did not affect Medicaid or food stamp eligibility, though critics contend that links between these programs have resulted in numerous recipients being denied Medicaid and food stamp assistance. Establishing Work Requirements: TANF requires recipients to be working within two years of receiving benefits. This general mandate is reinforced by rules requiring states to reach fixed and rising work participation thresholds. By 2002, 50 percent of families receiving assistance in every state must be engaged in work-related activities. Establishing a Five Year Lifetime Limit on Assistance: To address long-term welfare dependency, TANF placed a five year lifetime limit on assistance, but allowed states to exempt up to 20 percent of such cases for hardship reasons. States are allowed to reduce this lifetime limit below 5 years, and almost half of the states have done so. Eligibility for TANF assistance is limited to pregnant women and families with children. Within these constraints, however, TANF allows states broad discretion in how they spend their federal block grant money. Since TANF was enacted, the number of people on welfare has declined dramatically. By 1999, there were only 7.2 million recipients, including 2.6 million families and 5.1 million children, roughly half the caseload of the 1994 peak. Analysts believe several factors have contributed to this decline, including an improved economy, tougher work requirements, and diversion strategies that have moved applicants directly to work programs. Not only have recipients left the program in higher numbers, but fewer have joined to replace them. Supporters of the 1996 changes point to declining caseloads as evidence of the new law's success. Opponents argue that reducing poverty is more important than reducing welfare dependence, and that poverty has not dropped nearly as much as welfare enrollment, implying that people in need are being turned away. TANF comes up for reauthorization by Congress in 2002. - 6/1/01 Related Stories  House Passes Welfare Reform Reauthorization (5/16/02)   RELATED SITES, ISSUES & ARTICLES Sponsored Listings Political Magazines: The Almanac's links to political and public policy magazine sites. Public Policy Jobs: Sites listing public policy, lobbying, and media jobs in government and at major national organizations. Questia: Search over 400,000 books and journals at Questia online. Directories LookSmart - Poverty and Welfare Open Directory - Welfare and Workfare Welfare Information Network Yahoo - Welfare Yahoo - Welfare Reform News Full Coverage Poverty (Yahoo) Full Coverage Welfare Reform (Yahoo): An archive of older news articles. New York Times Welfare Page (registration required) Washington Post Special Report on Welfare Government Administration for Children and Families - Office of Family Assistance (administers TANF) HHS Office of Planning and Evaluation Welfare Studies: Welfare and work page of the Human Services Policy office in the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation, U.S. Dept. Health and Human Services. U.S. Welfare Caseload Information Page (Administration on Children and Families) Site Listings Brookings Institution - Welfare Reform & Beyond: Archived Projects Cato Institute - Welfare Cato Institute - Welfare and Workforce Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP) Federal TANF Page Center for Law and Social Policy (CLASP) State TANF Implementation and Waivers Page Center on Budget and Policy Priorities - Welfare Publications Heritage Foundation - Welfare Mathematica Research Welfare and Work Research Page NewBatch.com Summary of the Welfare Issue Welfare Law Center: The Welfare Law Center web page has essential information for public interest lawyers, welfare activists and organizers, policymakers, academics, and the media. Articles CBPP Response To HHSs Announcement That TANF Caseloads Fell In 2003: Contrary to HHS claims, the announcement that TANF cash assistance caseloads fell in 2003 does not appear to mean that more families are leaving welfare for work; data suggests that in 2003 more families both did not have a job and did not receive cash assistance. (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities: 8/23/2004) Welfare Reform: An Issue Overview (Congressional Research Service: October 8, 2002) House Passes Welfare Reform Reauthorization (5/16/02) Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services: September, 2000) Highlights of the Final TANF Regulations (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities April 29, 1999) 1999 HHS Annual Report to Congress on TANF Summary of the 1996 Welfare Law (Center on Budget and Policy Priorities August, 1996) Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act of 1996 (Bill language - Thomas) Summary of Final TANF Regulations (Administration on Children and Families, Office of Family Assistance) What's Related General Social Welfare Links Child Abuse Child Care Child Support Disability Issues EITC Energy Assistance Food and Nutrition Head Start Health Homelessness Housing Immigration Job Training Poverty Seniors Issues Social Security Unemployment Insurance Welfare     Almanac Search Google Web    policyalmanac.org      Policy Resources Political Magazines: The Almanac's links to political and public policy magazine sites. Economist Public Policy Jobs: Sites listing public policy, lobbying, and media jobs in government and at major national organizations.  
 

Background

information

and

links

on

the

Temporary

Assistance

for

Needy

Families

(TANF)

program

and

U.S.

federal

welfare

policy

generally.

http://www.policyalmanac.org/social_welfare/welfare.shtml

Almanac of Policy Issues: Welfare 2008 July

dvd rental

dvd


Background information and links on the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) program and U.S. federal welfare policy generally.

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