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Title: Philosophy/History of Philosophy/19th Century/American Transcendentalism - Defining Transcendentalism A definition of Transcendentalism, an important philosophical, religious, and literary movement of the early 19th century in the US. Transcendentalists include Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau
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Transcendentalists > Transcendentalism > Definitions > Terminology
Defining Transcendentalism:
In the words of Ralph Waldo Emerson, in his 1842
lecture The
Transcendentalist:
"The Transcendentalist adopts the whole connection of spiritual
doctrine. He believes in miracle, in the perpetual openness of the human mind
to new influx of light and power; he believes in inspiration, and in ecstasy.
He wishes that the spiritual principle should be suffered to demonstrate
itself to the end, in all possible applications to the state of man, without
the admission of anything unspiritual; that is, anything positive, dogmatic,
personal. Thus, the spiritual measure of inspiration is the depth of the
thought, and never, who said it? And so he resists all attempts to palm other
rules and measures on the spirit than its own....
"It is well known to most of my audience, that the Idealism of
the present day acquired the name of Transcendental, from the use of that term
by Immanuel Kant, of Konigsberg, who replied to the skeptical philosophy of
Locke, which insisted that there was nothing in the intellect which was not
previously in the experience of the senses, by showing that there was a very
important class of ideas, or imperative forms, which did not come by
experience, but through which experience was acquired; that these were
intuitions of the mind itself; and he denominated them Transcendental forms.
The extraordinary profoundness and precision of that man's thinking have given
vogue to his nomenclature, in Europe and America, to that extent, that
whatever belongs to the class of intuitive thought, is popularly called at the
present day Transcendental...."
Ralph Waldo Emerson
The Transcendentalist, 1842
From a recent edition of Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary
transcendentalism n. 1: A philosophy that emphasizes the a priori
conditions of knowledge and experience or the unknowable character of ultimate
reality or that emphasizes the transcendent as the fundamental reality
2: a philosophy that asserts the primacy of the spiritual and transcendental
over the material and empirical
3: the quality or state of being transcendental
From a 1913 Webster's Dictionary:
Tran`scen*den"tal*ism
(?), n.
[Cf. F.
transcendantalisme
, G.
transcendentalismus
.]
1.
(Kantian Philos.)
The transcending, or going beyond, empiricism, and ascertaining
a priori
the fundamental principles of human knowledge.
As Schelling and Hegel claim to have discovered the absolute identity
of the objective and subjective in human knowledge, or of things and human
conceptions of them, the Kantian distinction between transcendent and
transcendental ideas can have no place in their philosophy; and hence, with
them, transcendentalism claims to have a true knowledge of all things,
material and immaterial, human and divine, so far as the mind is capable of
knowing them. And in this sense the word transcendentalism is now most
used. It is also sometimes used for that which is vague and illusive in
philosophy.
2.
Ambitious and imaginative vagueness in thought, imagery, or diction.
Also see:
What is Transcendentalism? -- a longer
explanation
Edward Ericson's definition
of American Transcendentalism and
another
definition
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A | definition | of | Transcendentalism, | an | important | philosophical, | religious, | and | literary | movement | of | the | early | 19th | century | in | the | US. | Transcendentalists | include | Ralph | Waldo | Emerson, | Henry | David | Thoreau |
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