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Lilith
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Lilith
A female demon of the night who supposedly flies around searching
for newborn children either to kidnap or strangle them. Also, she sleeps
with men to seduce them into propagating demon sons. Legends told about
Lilith are ancient. The rabbinical myths of Lilith being Adam's
first wife seem to relate to the Sumero-Babyloian Goddess Belit-ili, or
Belili. To the Canaanites, Lilith was Baalat, the "Divine Lady."
On a tablet from Ur, ca. 2000 BC, she was addressed as Lillake.
It is from Hebraic, rabbinical tradition that the substantial myths of
Lilith really come. One story is that God created Adam and Lilith as twins
joined together at the back. She demanded equality with Adam, failing to
achieve it, she left him in anger. This is sometimes accompanied by a Muslim
legend that after leaving Adam Lilith slept with Satan, thus creating the
demonic Djinn.
In another version of the myth of Lilith, she was Adam’s first with
before Eve. Adam married her because he became tired of coupling with animals,
a common Middle-Eastern herdsmen practice, though the Old Testament declared
it a sin (Deuteronomy 27:21). Adam tried to make Lilith lie beneath him
during sexual intercourse. Lilith would not meet this demand of male dominance.
She cursed Adam and hurried to her home by the Red Sea.
Adam complained to God who then sent three angels, Sanvi, Sansanvi and
Semangelaf, to bring Lilith back to Eden. Lilith rebuffed the angels by
cursing them. While by the Red Sea Lilith became a lover to demons and producing
100 babies a day. The angels said that God would take these demon children
away from her unless she returned to Adam. When she did not return, she
was punished accordingly. And, God also gave Adam the docile Eve.
According to some Lilith’s fecundity and sexual preferences showed
she was a Great Mother of settled agricultural tribes, who resisted the
invasions of the nomadic herdsmen, represented by Adam. It is felt the early
Hebrews disliked the Great Mother who drank the blood of Abel,
the herdsman, after being slain by the elder god of agriculture and smithcraft,
Cain (Genesis 4:11). Lilith’s Red Sea
is but another version of Kali Ma's Ocean of Blood, which gave birth to
all things but needed periodic sacrificial replenishment.
Speculation is that perhaps there was a connection between Lilith and
the Etruscan divinity Lenith, who possessed no face and waited at the gate
of the underworld along with Eita and Persipnei (Hecate
and Persephone)
to receive the souls of the dead. The underworld gate was a yoni, and also
a lily, which had "no face." Admission into the underworld was
frequently mythologized as a sexual union. (see Tantrism)
The lily or lilu (lotus) was the Great Mother’s flower-yoni,
whose title formed Lilith’s name.
Even though the story of Lilith disappeared from the canonical Bible,
but her daughters the lilim haunted men for over a thousand years.
It was well into that Middle Ages that Jews still manufactured amulets to
keep away the lilim. Supposedly they were lusty she-demons who copulated
with men in all their dreams, causing nocturnal emissions.
The Greeks adopted the belief of the lilim, calling them Lamiae,
Empusae (Forcers-In), or Daughters of Hecate. Likewise the Christians
adopted the belief, calling them harlots of hell, or succubi,
the counterpart of the incubi. Celebrant
monks attempted to fend them off by sleeping with their hands over their
genitals, clutching a crucifix.
Even though most of the Lilith legend is derived from Jewish folklore,
descriptions of the Lilith demon appear in Iranian, Babylonian, Mexican,
Greek, Arab, English, German, Oriental and Native American legends. Also,
she sometimes has been associated with legendary and mythological characters
such as the Queen of Sheba and Helen
of Troy. In medieval Europe she was proclaimed to be the wife, concubine
or grandmother of Satan.
Men who experienced nocturnal emissions during their sleep believed they
had been seduced by Lilith and said certain incantations to prevent the
offspring from becoming demons. It was thought each time a pious Christian
had a wet dream, Lilith laughed. It was believed that Lilith was assisted
in her bloodthirsty nocturnal quests by succbi, who gathered with her near
the "mountains of darkness" to frolic with her demon lover Samael,
whole name means "left" or "sinister." The Zohar,
the principal work of the Kabbalah, describes
Lilith’s powers at their height during the waning of the moon.
According to legend Lilith’s attraction for children comes from
the belief that God took her demon children from her when she did not return
to Adam. It was believed that she launched a reign of terror against women
in childbirth and newborn infants, especially boys. However, it also was
believed that the three angels who were sent to fetch her by the Red Sea
forced her to swear that whenever she saw their names or images on amulets
that she would leave the infants and mothers alone.
These beliefs continued for centuries. As late as the 18th century, it
was a common practice in many cultures to protect new mothers and their
infants with amulets against Lilith. Males were most vulnerable during the
first week of life, girls during the first three weeks. Sometimes a magic
circle was drawn around the lying-in-bed, with a charm inscribed with the
names of the three angels, Adam and Eve and the words "barring Lilith"
or "protect this newborn child from all harm." Frequently amulets
were place in the four corners and throughout the bedchamber. If a child
laughed while sleeping, it was taken as a sign that Lilith was present.
Tapping the child on the nose, it was believed, made her go away. A.G.H.
Sources:
Guiley, Rosemary Ellen, The Encyclopedia of Witches
and Witchcraft, New York: Facts On File, 1989, p. 203
Walker, Barbara G., The Woman's Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets,
New York, HarperCollins, 1983, pp. 541-542
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