Socialist Action - fighting to make the world a better place! Socialist Action  The Newspaper - newspaper - email list - subscribe - distribute The Politics - what we stand for - socialism 101 - resolutions - marxist theory - reading list The Group - campaigns - resources - pamphlets - contact us - how to join - our history - donate - our constitution - fourth international - youth group - en espanol - links - myspace - facebook ACTIVIST CALENDAR: - Nationally Coordinated Local Protests Against the War: Dec. 9-14. For more info check out the National Assembly website.  Youth for Socialist Action Newspaper  Socialist Action is a dynamic newspaper that has been arriving in workers’ & activists’ mailboxes every month since 1983. Click here to find out how you can subscribe! Pamphlets  Socialist Action Pamphlets: $4 each, includes postage. Send orders to P.O. Box 10328, Oakland CA 94610. Make checks out to “Socialist Action”. Supporters Become a Socialist Action Supporter! Supporters who pledge $50/yr. get a 1st class subscription to Socialist Action, special political updates, and a 10% discount on all of our books & pamphlets. Click here to find out more!  Socialism 101 -What is Socialism? -How to Make a Revolution -Marxism vs. Anarchism -What'll Socialism Look Like? -Vanguard Parties -Was Russia Socialist? -Marxist Analysis of Cuba -Gains of Past Revolutions  Socialist Action P.O. Box 10328 Oakland, CA 94610 > Email Socialist Action > Email Y.S.A. (415) 255-1080   Socialist Action is a nation-wide group of revolutionary socialists dedicated to fighting for a world organized to satisfy human needs, rather than greed. We seek to revitalize the anti-war, labor, student and other social movements, and to bring activists together from different backgrounds into a revolutionary party that can successfully challenge the wealthy elite. As socialists we seek to understand the theory of Marxism, but as an activist group, we also seek to put those ideas into practice. That's why on this site you'll find everything from the writings of Leon Trotsky, to the latest on the struggle to defend abortion rights. Check out Socialist Action’s News Blog!  The Socialist View on the 2008 Election: The two-party shell game of U.S. capitalist politics is now in full swing, with an impressive cast of characters lining up to support Obama, as they did with John Kerry. Some are helping to prettify his image and others proclaiming for the umpteenth time in history that "lesser evilism" is a viable political option. continued Does it Pay to Back the ‘Lesser Evil’? The arguments in favor of support to the capitalist "lesser evil" are endless, the latest version of which was recently presented by playwright/political activist Amiri Baraka, who likened the coming election between Obama and McCain to the 1933 coming to power of Adolph Hitler. continued Obama Writes Prescription for Medical Industry Profits: Even though about 50 million people lack health insurance, causing the deaths of well over 18,000 people each year, the U.S. spends more on health care than it does on food. Not surprisingly, pharmaceutical companies and HMOs (health-maintenance organizations) are some of the most profitable businesses in the U.S. continued U.S. Claims of ‘Success’ in Iraq Merely a Mirage: With the approach of elections in both the United States and Iraq, and the threat of dwindling popularity for the British Labour government that sent British troops to Iraq in alliance with the badly discredited Bush administration, the tones coming from all the accomplices in the occupation of Iraq are dulcet. Both Britain and the U.S. are promising troop withdrawals. continued Court of Appeals Denies Mumia a Re-Hearing: When I learned that the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit had on July 22, 2008, denied Mumia Abu-Jamal a re-hearing—thus leaving Mumia’s fight for justice and freedom in the hands of the court of last resort, the U.S. Supreme Court—my immediate thought was that we were once again witnessing the operation of the racist "Mumia Exception." continued Hamas & Fatah Re-Ignite Firefight: The conflict between Hamas and Fatah, which seemed to be lessening in the face of relentless Israeli pressure on the Palestinian people, rebounded with a vengeance following a bombing on a Gaza beach Aug. 1 that killed five members of Hamas and a young girl. The Hamas leadership in Gaza blamed the explosion on the pro-Fatah Hiles clan and launched an attack on the clan's stronghold in the Sijaia suburb of Gaza city. continued Economy Sinks to New Depths Despite Bailouts: After the bailout of Bear Stearns this spring, news of the economy retreated to the inside pages of most papers as mainstream analysts claimed the corner had been turned in the housing market and that fears of recession were overblown. But with the summer has come a wave of new signs that the economy is sinking to new depths of a prolonged crisis. continued Important Gains Made at the National Assembly: More than 400 antiwar activists from 26 states registered at and attended the June 28-29 antiwar conference sponsored by the National Assembly to End the Iraq War and Occupation. Scores of others participated in the conference’s mass Saturday evening rally. continued U.S. & Israel Escalate War Threats to Iran: The American and Israeli governments have gotten no lack of warnings about the risks of attacking Iran, but it seems that powerful circles in both countries are continuing to contemplate such an action. Recently, tensions have escalated. continued Obama Follows the Money: Presumed Democratic presidential candidate Barack Obama has retreated rapidly on promises to so-called Democratic Party progressives—the very ones he called upon, messiah-like, to believe in his message of "hope." continued Open Letter to the U.S. Antiwar Movement: In the coming months, there will be a number of major actions mobilizing opponents of U.S. wars and occupations of Iraq and Afghanistan to demand “Bring the Troops Home Now!” These will include demonstrations at the Democratic and Republican Party conventions, pre-election mobilizations in a number of cities and states, and the December 9-14 protest activities. All of these can and should be springboards for very large bi-coastal demonstrations in the spring. continued Antiwar Action Program of the National Assembly: click here to view the Action Program that was adopted by the National Assembly to End the Iraq and Afghanistan Wars & Occupation at its national conference in Cleveland on June 28-29. Reports & Photos from the National Assembly: On the weekend of June 28-29 over 400 anti-war activists from across the country gathered for an open conference of the movement called by the National Assembly to End the Iraq War & Occupation. To read an evaluation of the conference issued by Jerry Gordon, Marilyn Levin and Jeff Mackler click here. To read a shorter summary of the conference by our Canadian comrades, click here. You can also view a sampling of photographs from the conference here. And finally, to read the leaflet that Socialist Action distributed at the conference click here. Obama: Grassroots Movement? Over the last several months of the primary season, movement activists have increasingly funneled their hopes, money, and energy into the Barack Obama campaign. While both Democratic contenders have received record attention and funds, Obama has won significantly more enthusiasm from activist groupings. continued Report on “A World in Revolt” Conference: To read a report on the May 22-25 “A World in Revolt – Prospects for Socialism in the 21st Century” conference click here. To view pictures of the event click here. And click here to view a video of Celia Hart’s presentation. Revolts Erupt Over Skyrocketing Food Prices: Skyrocketing food prices around the world in April caused panic buying and hoarding, dire warnings from government and aid officials, and massive revolts in dozens of countries. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization said that from March 2007 to March 2008 prices of cereals had increased 88%, wheat by 130%, and oils and fats 106%. Dairy products rose 80% in 2007. The FAO food price index as a whole rose 57% in one year, with most of the increase just in the past few months. continued Left Trend Continues in Latin America: The radicalization that has been underway in Latin America for a decade, producing a series of mass explosions, keeps showing new signs of extending and deepening. continued Fidel Castro on Barack Obama: It would be dishonest of me to remain silent after hearing the speech Obama delivered on the afternoon of May 23 at the Cuban American National Foundation created by Ronald Reagan. I listened to his speech, as I did McCain’s and Bush’s. I feel no resentment towards him, for he is not responsible for the crimes perpetrated against Cuba and humanity. Were I to defend him, I would do his adversaries an enormous favor. I have therefore no reservations about criticizing him and about expressing my points of view on his words frankly. continued Rival Unions Class: The Service Employees International Union (SEIU), headed by Andy Stern, and the California Nurses Association, led by Rose Ann DeMoro, are each the most successful examples of two contending models of unionism. continued What Next for the Antiwar Movement? The fifth anniversary of the war and occupation of Iraq came and went in the US with only a tiny percentage of those opposed to the war mobilized in the streets. Yet in the hundreds of cities and towns where events occurred it was clear from the mood of protesters that much more could have been done to organize antiwar sentiment. continued Mumia’s Appeal for a New Trial Rejected: In a shocking decision, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit rejected all Mumia Abu-Jamal's demands for a new trial. Socialist Action calls on all our readers and supporters to throw themselves into organizing emergency protests. Actions are being held around the country. Call the NYC Free Mumia Coalition at (212) 330-8029 for East Coast protest info., and the SF Mobilization to Free Mumia at (510) 268-9429 for West Coast info. You can also find the latest Mumia news at the Mobe’s website at www.freemumia.org/ The Ongoing Economic Crisis: Just as even the most bullish economists were admitting the US is already in a recession, and indications were mounting that it will be a long-lasting one that could become a full-blown depression, the first domino in what could be a series of failing financial institutions toppled. continued Why Socialist Feminism? Feminists believe in women being treated as equals to men and socialists believe that the wealth and resources of the world should be equally distributed among all people. Clearly these two ideologies have a similar thread in the fight for equality. However, with all the feminisms in the world why should anyone be a socialist feminist? Is capitalism really all that bad? continued U.S. Occupation Sinking in a Sea of Hatred: At a time when the bills for Bush's adventure in Iraq are being totaled up, the failed offensive of the U.S. client government at the end of March and the beginning of April against the Shiite militias identified with the Islamic radical cleric Muqtada al-Sadr have introvertibly demonstrated that the U.S. taxpayers’ money has been poured down the drain. Al-Sadr, and his Iranian advisers, were crafty enough to stop the confrontation with Iraqi government and occupation military forces before major damage was done to the resistance forces. continued Slobodan Milosevic – Butcher of the Balkans: Yugoslavia was a federation comprising six Federal Republics: Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro and Macedonia. There were two Autonomous Provinces, Vojvodina (majority Hungarian population) and Kosovo (80 per cent Albanian) - both within the Serb Republic. continued La Vida y Muerto de Victor Yara: La vida del cantante y revolucionario Víctor Jara es una historia llena de inspiración, esperanza y lágrimas. En solamente cuarenta años hizo muchas cosas, pero quizás más importante fue que a ayudó desarrollar una tipa de música, que se llama La Nueva Canción, que se extendió en muchos países en Latina América. Su lucha por justicias para los campesinos y trabajadores de Chile fue admirable y las letras de sus canciones son poderosas. En fin, él era un hombre sincero, valiente, y tan creativo que vivió como un poeta y guerrillero. continued The Iraq War & the Economy: The New York Times report on 5th-anniversary antiwar protests claimed that "while the banners and bullhorn rhetoric were strident, the mood among some was pessimistic. 'The war is not going to end,’ said Bob McGee. 'It doesn't matter who wins the election. The only thing that's going to stop it is the destruction of the economy.'" continued A Reply to Howard Zinn on the Elections: Howard Zinn, in his column for “The Progressive” (March 2008), has written a political analysis that deplores the current “election frenzy.” In its place he offers a guide to action based on the understanding that presidential elections, in and of themselves, do very little to solve social problems. Unfortunately, his overall argument is flawed by its inability to break free from the lure of the two-party system in general and of the Democrats in particular. continued Turmoil Erupts in Tibet: Tibet is again the topic of conversation around the world. And this time it’s not the result of some Hollywood movie, but rather the bloody clashes that have broken out there between Tibetan protesters and Chinese police. While a lot of details are still hazy as a result of a systematic attempt by Chinese authorities to control the news coming out of the region, the clashes appear to have begun with a series of demonstrations organized by Tibetans to mark the 49th anniversary of the failed 1959 uprising against China. The demonstrations began on March 10. By March 14 the demonstrations appear to have evolved into riots in which non-ethnic Tibetans were attacked, and numerous shops, cars and other properties, including a mosque, were set on fire. continued U.S. Balancing Act in Iraq Becoming More Precarious: Despite all the hype about the effectiveness of "the surge," that is, the deployment of additional U.S. troops in Iraq, the major U.S. success has been the achievement of an alliance with local Sunni gangs against al-Qaida and other insurgents. However, this relationship has been unstable from the beginning because of a number of basic problems. continued Labor Notes Conference: Hundreds of working-class activists are expected to gather in Dearborn, Mich., April 11-13 for a conference with the theme “Rebuilding Labor’s Power.” Organized by the widely read monthly Labor Notes, this event is the latest in a tradition of such conferences, with topical themes, held every two to three years since the 1980s. continued Ammunition for Immigration Activists: Under the North American Free Trade Agreement and World Trade Organization policies, more than 1.5 million Mexican farmers have lost their sources of income and have been forced to sell or abandon their farms. Under these U.S.-supported neo-liberal (so-called free trade) policies, the real purchasing power of the Mexican minimum wage fell by more than two-thirds from 1980 to 1996. continued Pakistani Elections Indicate More Discord Lies Ahead: The landslide victory of the parties opposed to Pakistani strongman Pervez Musharraf was hardly a surprise. Opinion polls had been showing 75 percent of the population opposed to Musharraf, who imposed himself as a military dictator and subsequently got himself elected president on the basis of his control of the state. continued First Open National Anti-war Conference: The U.S. war and occupation of Iraq is the central issue in world politics today. The war exposes in bold relief the fundamental contradictions in U.S. and world capitalism. It is, simultaneously, an imperialist war of conquest and a geopolitical war for U.S. hegemony in the region against its imperialist competitors. continued Is Obama an “Antiwar” Candidate? Credit Senator Barack Obama and his staff for running an enormously successful primary campaign. Shrugging off a disappointing defeat in New Hampshire, he has, by late February, beaten former frontrunner Hillary Clinton in 11 straight primary and caucus elections and is poised to capture his party’s nomination for president. continued What John McCain Stands For: A good way to discover the truth is to compare the mistruths and lies. Recently, the likely Republican presidential nominee, Senator John McCain, let slip a prediction that the American military would remain in Iraq “for a hundred years.” continued Crisis of Leadership in Immigrant Rights Mov’t: A month ago, a crowd of 8000 people—almost all immigrant workers from Danbury—surrounded City Hall here to oppose a motion to deputize police as local proxies for Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE). It is believed to have been the largest protest in Danbury since a famous hatters' strike in 1915. continued Israel Threatens War With Gaza: “We know that the Gaza Strip is a small area. It is open for Israel—they can kill most of the Palestinian people and destroy everything. The job of the international community is to stop the Israeli crimes in the Gaza Strip.” continued Celia Hart on the Resignation of Fidel Castro: Fidel can give up being president of the Republic of Cuba. In reality, this is a responsibility that can be borne by any of the leaders. But Fidel cannot, even if he wants, cease to be the Commander in Chief of the Cuban Revolution, even if he is ill and we are only entitled to know what he wants through his reflections. continued Neo-Stalinists Oppose Kosovo Self-Determination: The Serbian chauvinist protests against the Feb. 17 Kosovo government declaration of independence and the subsequent recognition of a very limited form of self-determination of the Kosovar people by the major Western powers have had exactly the opposite political effect from what the post-Stalinist Serbian politicians and state authorities that organized them planned. They have been a dramatic demonstration of why the Western powers had no alternative to permitting the legal separation of Kosovo from Serbia. continued What’s Behind the Economic Crisis? As we go to press, Bush and Congress appear headed toward agreement on a “stimulus package” of $146 billion centered on tax cuts of a few hundred dollars per individual. This measly amount is supposed to revive the economy and reassure the world’s stock markets. All presidential candidates left standing have endorsed the package. continued Kevin Cooper Files for Court Re-Hearing: The case of innocent African American San Quentin death row inmate, Kevin Cooper, has carved out over the last two decades a clear image of the terror the U.S. “criminal justice” system unleashes on its poor, and predominately Black and Brown citizens. continued The Media & Our Broken Health System: It's entertaining in a morbid sort of way to listen to syndicated radio host and Fox News personality Sean Hannity discuss the supposed dangers of government-funded health care. That's because the loquacious Mr. Hannity's remarks in defense of privatized health care reveal just how strained the conservative argument has become on the topic. continued The UAW in the Era of ‘Big Labor’: Few unions concerned themselves with organizing during the prosperous post-World War II years. The UAW did little except for raiding other unions in the farm equipment and aerospace industries. The bureaucratized CIO came to resemble more and more the AFL they had bolted from, and the two federations reunited in 1955. It became common to speak of “Big Labor” in the same breath as Big Business. The boss-controlled media did a good job in presenting the bureaucratized unions as some kind of alien third party muscling in for a piece of the action. continued Why Mass Action: The broad outlines of Socialist Action's views on the centrality of mass mobilizations in building an irresistible antiwar movement have been published in previous issues of this newspaper (see Jeff Mackler's article in our November 2007 issue). But some additional elaboration can be helpful at a time when activists are today discussing concrete measures to overcome the present impasse. continued Chavez’s Defeat in Referendum Opens Up Debate: The unexpected defeat of the constitutional changes backed by President Hugo Chavez in the Dec. 2 national referendum has provoked deep-going discussion in the Venezuelan left. Much of it is expressed on the website Aporrea, which is operated by a Venezuelan current of Trotskyist origin linked to the Movimiento Socialista de los Trabajadores (MST) in Argentina. In general, this current identifies itself with Chavez but it does offer a broad forum for the left, including groups and individuals critical of Chavismo. continued Pakistan in the Wake of Bhutto’s Death: The assassination of Benazir Bhutto is the subject of all sorts of speculation, even over the basic facts of her death. On the latter the explanations range from the claim that she hit her head on a knob (the story of the Musharif government) to she was zapped by a high-tech laser (the version of one doctor and some of her supporters). continued Rightists Build Parallel Government in Bolivia: A latent civil war in Bolivia was defused temporarily by a holiday truce and the Morales government's offer of "dialogue" with its right-wing opposition. But the rightists continue to consolidate a regime of reactionary and racist terror in the southeastern provinces, known as the "Media Luna" (the “Half Moon”), and in some border areas, notably Sucre, the country's judicial capital. continued Economy in Doldrums as Credit Crisis Deepens: At the beginning of this year, leading U.S. officials and Wall Street "experts" insisted that the subprime mortgage crisis - then in its beginning stages - was limited to a few, albeit major, subprime lenders. It was well contained, they argued. In the context of the overall health of the economy in all other sectors, the pundits of capitalist stability insisted that there was little or nothing to worry about. continued Vets Come Home to Alienation & Homelessness: Recently a friend from my former platoon e-mailed an article to me about the recent rise in homeless veterans of the Iraq and Afghanistan wars. In the subject column, he appropriately wrote “the glory of it all.” continued The Russian Revolution & the Struggle Against War: To understand the Russian Revolution in its relationship to World War I, we need to start with the origins of WW I, not as it is taught--as a response to German aggression--but as it actually was. The assassination of the Austrian crown prince by a Serbian nationalist is insignificant and the catalog of German military aggression an evasion. Attributing all guilt to Germany is a ruse to cover up the class nature of WW I along with the culpability of all the imperialist powers. continued NY Governor Betrays Immigrants: In a reversal of his campaign promises, Gov. Eliot Spitzer (D) announced on Oct. 27 a new driver’s license just for “illegal” immigrants. Spitzer earlier had promised a single license for all New York drivers. continued Should We Look to Democrats to End the War? On Sept. 26 the Democrat-controlled Congress passed its second blank check for war in Iraq. Three days later in a debate between leading Democratic presidential candidates, Clinton, Obama, and Edwards were each asked to commit to withdrawing all U.S. troops from Iraq by 2013 if elected president. All said that they could not. continued The Climate Skepticism of Alexander Cockburn: Left journalist and commentator Alexander Cockburn recently took a strange turn to the right by joining the ranks of nay-saying climate skeptics in a series of four articles published in The Nation. The commentaries, which attacked the science of global warming and the anthropogenic causes of climate change, were also posted on the Counterpunch website he coedits with Jeffrey St. Clair. continued Chavez Projects a ‘Petro-Socialism’ in Venezuela: Since the failure of the U.S. backed coup of April 2002 to remove the Hugo Chavez regime in Venezuela, that country’s radical leader has posed the major political challenge to imperialism. His support for to Cuba has also been an important encouragement and material aid for the world’s only revolutionary regime. continued Cuba’s Take on Climate Change: Enemies and allies of Cuba alike can probably come to agreement on one thing: Cuba is by far leading the fight against climate change, internationally. Armando Choy, a key figure in the Cuban Revolution, and today head of the massive environmental cleanup operation in Havana Bay, explained, “This is possible because our system is socialist in character and commitment, and because the revolution’s top leadership acts in the interests of the majority of humanity inhabiting planet earth—not on behalf of narrow individual interests, or even simply Cuba’s national interests.” continued Socialist Action’s Political Resolution: On March 18, 2007 the war against the Iraqi people became the second longest war in U.S. history, with the ten-year slaughter in Vietnam, at a cost of 4 million Vietnamese and 57,000 American GIs dead, still topping the list regarding the duration of imperialist barbarity, arrogance and slaughter. In contrast to Vietnam, however, the stakes in Iraq for U.S. imperialism are qualitatively higher and the political/historical context of the war fundamentally different. continued Who Will Pay the Price for Global Warming: The importance of George Monbiot’s latest book "Heat," and the reason why every socialist should read it is that it raises the level of debate on the politics of climate change, as well as on the science and technology. What the book lacks, however, is a class analysis of the issue. continued Is Iran the Next Target? By his decision to increase the numbers of U.S. troops in Iraq, President Bush is not only escalating the counterinsurgency war that the American military has been conducting there. He is also threatening to widen the war by picking fights with new adversaries, the most important of which is Iran. continued A Shift to the Left in Latin American Elections: How should revolutionists respond to the current electoral shift to the left in Latin America? A series of elections in Latin America—including Brazil, Nicaragua and Venezuela—have led or are expected to lead to victories of left or neo-populist candidates. The most polarized vote will undoubtedly be in Venezuela on Dec. 3. continued The Struggle of Black Farmers Today: The primary issue contributing to Black farmers’ decline is rooted in the reforged class structure that followed the abolition of chattel slavery after the Civil War. The war left the South’s infrastructure in ruins. Stripped of its main source of surplus value (profit)—slave labor—the Southern economy became subordinate to the new king, Northern industrial capitalism. continued Why Nuclear Power is Not the Answer: An alarming number of so-called environmentalists in the United States are taking the position that more nuclear power generation is the way to reduce the carbon dioxide emissions that are contributing to global warming. continued No Blood for Coal: Nearly 48 hours after a conveyor fire broke out at Alma No. 1 Mine in Melville, West Virginia, rescuers recovered the bodies of two missing miners. These victims brought the total of American coal miners killed on the job during the first three weeks of January to 15. This figure exactly equaled the number of GIs killed in Iraq over the same time span. continued Intelligent Design - An Attack on Science: The heated national debate between so-called intelligent design and Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution has been spotlighted during the recent six-week trial in a Pennsylvania federal court concerning the legality of actions by the Dover, Pa., school board. The trial’s final arguments were delivered on Nov. 4. continued The Real Deal on the ‘New Deal’: In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, some Democratic Party politicians and even conservative newspapers like the New York Daily News were calling for a “new New Deal” to deal with the destruction wrought, and with the broader social problems exposed in its wake. Some pundits even claimed the reaction against Bush’s apathy toward Gulf residents’ needs would help shift the country’s politics back to the left. continued The Struggle for Same Sex Marriage Continues: During the last two years, the struggle for gay rights, especially the initiatives for civil unions and same-sex marriages, has seen more setbacks than gains throughout the U.S. In 2003, the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court ruled that gays had a right to marry, and the first ceremonies were held in 2004. Since then, 17 states have adopted constitutional amendments to ban gay marriage—most often by popular vote—and 10 of these states also ban civil unions and domestic partnerships. In addition, California Gov. Schwarzenegger in September vetoed a bill to legalize same-sex marriage. continued How to be Effective in Abortion Clinic Defense: Clinic defense is as simple as it sounds: it is the physical defense of the doors of a clinic so that clients can enter and leave. It is irresponsible, and at times dangerous, for pro-choice activists to turn their backs to the doors in order to dance and chant. If a pro-choice activist is not concerned with protecting the doors of a clinic, she or he is not providing clinic defense. continued  Malcolm X’s Advice to Young People: Malcolm X, born May 19, 1925, would have been 80 years old this month had he not been assassinated 40 years ago. Now, decades later, safely buried, Malcolm X has become respectable. This transformation has been some years in the making, but there can be little doubt of the result. continued Women on Death Row: Today in America there are 47 women throughout 23 different states who have been condemned to death, segregated from society, and forced to endure daily humiliation, intimidation, and abuse at the hands of prison guards who are often men. Two other women have had their death sentences reversed and are now awaiting final disposition. continued Which Way Forward for the GLBT Movement? In 1947 the state of California made a historic move and struck down that state’s ban on interracial marriages. At the time, 48 states had bans on interracial marriage. According to some polls from the time, approximately nine out of 10 Americans said that they opposed interracial marriage. It seemed that the battle for fundamental civil rights could never be won. continued [labor donated by union labor] Issues From 1996-2003: Click here for info on how to subscribe to Socialist Action newspaper. Human Needs, Not Profits!   BLACK LIBERATION  WOMENS LIBERATION  LABOR  PALESTINE  ANTI-WAR  IMMIGRANT RIGHTS  NATIVE AMERICAN  LATIN AMERICA  CANADA  QUEER LIBERATION  ECONOMY  FARMERS  SCIENCE  ECOLOGY  IRELAND  ELECTIONS  CULTURE
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