Electronic Voting HotlistLorrie Cranor'sElectronic Voting Hot ListThis page contains a list of links to Internet sites withelectronic-voting related information. It is intended as a resource list forthose doing research on electronic voting and those interested inimplementing electronic voting systems.When I first started compiling this list I included only links related toelectronic voting over public computer networks. However, I have since addedlinks to a variety of related issues.Let me know if you find a good link I missed. Please send suggestions foradditional links to lorrie@acm.org. Sorry there are somany broken links here, I haven't had time to do a thorough update ina while.'New to this subject and wondering what you should read first?Here's what I recommend: Voting After Florida: No Easy Answers - December 2000 by Lorrie Faith Cranor National Science Foundation Internet Voting Workshop Report - March 2001California Internet Voting Task Force Report - January 2000 Examining Internet Voting in Washington - by David M. Elliott, Assistant Director of Elections, State of Washington Security Considerations for Remote Electronic Voting over the Internet - by Avi Rubin Electronic Voting - Evaluating the Threat and Paper v. Electronic Voting Records - An Assessment by Michael Shamos, papers presented at CFP'93 and CFP2004 respectively Security Criteria for Electronic Voting - by Peter G. Neumann, 1993 Voting, Computers and the Human-Computer Interface from Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility Rebecca Mercuri's evoting page Accuracy, Integrity, and Security in Computerized Vote-Tallying - by Roy G. Saltman, 1988 (this is the National Bureau of Standards report that told us that hanging chad were bad news over a decade before the 2000 US Presidential election)Online Voting - four page report from the UK Parliamentary Office of Science and Technology, May 2001California Ad Hoc Touch Screen Task Force Report - July 2003VerifiedVoting.orgDouglas Jones' Voting and Elections SiteMichael Shamos' Electronic Voting course web pageIndex Available Online Voting Systems Experimental Electronic Voting System Descriptions and Software Electronic Voting Protocol Papers Real Internet Polls Risks and Reliability of Electronic Voting - includes risks related to automated vote tabulation Vote by Phone - the telephone, rather than the computer, can also be used to submit electronic ballots Vote by Mail - another alternative to traditional ballot collection methods Electronic Democracy/Direct Democracy - made more feasible by electronic voting General Information Related Information Election Information (not necessarily electronic) Voting Equipment and Services VendorsAvailable Online Voting SystemsWhile there's been a lot of research on electronic voting systems, thereisn't much software available that you can purchace or download and use to runan election immediatly. The systems described in this section may be useful tothose running an election for a non-governmental organization. e-mail election VoteAgent SAVIOC Voting System SZTAKI Voting and Survey System Free Referenda & Elections Electronically (FREE) - open source system for conducting electronic votes eVote - voting software designed to be used in conjunction with the Majordomo electronic mailing list system. As of August 1998, a shareware version was available for Majordomo running under Linux. It costs $80 to register. According to the Web site, the authors will also do custom ports to other operating systems and mailing list managers for a fee. TrueBallot, Inc. Democratic Governance Systems - actually, TrueBallot does not offer online products, but they do offer electronic voting booth, vote-by-mail, and vote-by-phone products for use in non-governmental elections Active Websurvey See also Voting Equipment and Services Vendors Other solutions for running a non-governmental election: Call up your local governmental election office and see if you can borrow voting equipment from them. Hire someone (perhaps a computer science student from a local college) to setup a Web-based system for your group. Experimental Electronic Voting System Descriptions and Software Secure Voting Using Disconnected, Distributed Polling Devices - by David Clausen, Daryl Puryear, and Adrian Rodriguez, Stanford University, Department of Computer Science Vivarto Voting Systems - a new idea on how to combine efficiency, democracy and expertise in governing large organizations with the help of modern information and communication technology Sensus - description and source code for Sensus, an electronic polling system developed by Lorrie Cranor, based on a paper by Atsushi Fujioka, Tatsuaki Okamoto, and Kazuo Ohta. Another implementation based on the Fujioka, Okamoto, and Ohta paper - by Ronald L. Rivest, Mark Herschberg, Ben Adida, and Randy Milbert. Unlike Sensus, this implementation continues to be maintained and improved. Report on Electronic Voting for the Harvard Undergraduate Council (UC): Design, Implementation, and Results - unfortunately the design and implementation sections were never written, but you can get a vague idea about how the system worked from this report [used to be at http://hcs.harvard.edu/~eekim/nextleve/evote/ - link no longer available] The Open Voting ConsortiumElectronic Voting Protocol Papers See also RachelGreenstadt's electronic voting bibliography Receipt-Free Homomorphic Elections and Write-in Ballots by Alessandro Acquisti. Technical Report 2004/105, International Association for Cryptologic Research, May 2, 2004, and Carnegie Mellon Institute for Software Research International, CMU-ISRI-04-116, 2004. A LAN Voting Protocol by Vesna Hassler and Reinhard Posch [link no longer available] An untraceable, universally verifiable voting scheme by Michael J. RadwinReal Internet Polls Costa Rica Electronic Voting Trial - CyberTimes article Online voting in January 1999 Alaska Republican straw poll - Standard articleDespite the fact that these appear to be serious efforts at gaugingpublic opinion, at last check the sites below had few if any mechanisms inplace for guaranteeing both security and privacy. August 1996 -- The Reform Party appears to be the first US political party to allow voters to cast their ballots via the Internet (or telephone or postal mail or in person at the convention). However, they make no promises about privacy. According to a party spokesperson, 1.13 million ballots were sent out, and 2500 people attended the convention. Ballots were returned as follows: 43,202 paper ballots (by mail or at convention), 3963 telephone ballots, 2101 Internet ballots. It's interesting to note that most of the ballots were mailed, despite the fact that voters had to supply their own postage! There were toll free numbers for telephone voting, but they were not printed in the voting instructions (they were announced at the convention, on CNN, and in press reports). IPT Interactive Voting Booth - U.S. Presidential poll Presidential CyberPoll - U.S. Presidential poll Votelink - polls on global, U.S., and city issuesGeneral Electronic Voting Information Rebecca Mercuri's evoting page Voting, Computers and the Human-Computer Interface from Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility SecurePoll.com - contains a collection of information about Internet voting The Bell - Safevote Newsletter on Privacy, Security and Technology in Internet Voting California Internet Voting Task Force Report - January 2000 Examining Internet Voting in Washington - by David M. Elliott, Assistant Director of Elections, State of Washington Election Automation -- Types of computerized voting systems - by Lorrie Cranor in ACE Project Electronic Voting: Computerized polls may save money, protect privacy - by Lorrie Cranor in Crossroads April 1996 Ballot Collection - In Declared-Strategy Voting: An Instrument for Group Decision-Making. Dissertation by Lorrie Cranor. December 1996. An overview of electronic voting, vote-by-mail, vote-by-phone, etc. From Dark Corner to DOT-COM: The Road Ahead for Online Voting - by M. Glenn Newkirk The Internet and the Electoral Process - a report from the International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance The Business of Elections by Rebecca Mercuri, paper presented at CFP'93 NH State Republican Convention Computerized Voting Standard Resolution - from Risks Digest Volume 7: Issue 81, 21 November 1988 Open Voting Systems by Irwin Mann, paper presented at CFP'93 Overview of Computers and Elections by Eva Waskell, paper presented at CFP'93Risks and Reliability Security Considerations for Remote Electronic Voting over the Internet - by Avi Rubin Security Criteria for Electronic Voting - by Peter Neumann Vulnerability of Computerized Vote-Counting Systems -by Doug Ihde, Minnie Ingersoll, Emily Lewis, and Joe Newsum of Stanford University Assuring Accuracy, Integrity and Security in National Elections : The Role of the U.S. Congress by Roy G. Saltman, paper presented at CFP'93 California to escrow electronic vote counting software - from Risks Digest Volume 9: Issue 9, 14 August 1989 Computer causes chaos in Brazilian Election - actually, the officials were probably more responsible for the chaos than the computers - from Risks Digest Volume 4: Issue 5, 5 November 1986 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 4: Issue 8, 9 November 1986 Computerized Voting -- No Standards and a Lot of Questions - summary of a talk by Eva Waskell - from Risks Digest Volume 2: Issue 42, 14 April 1986 Decision Threatens Punch-Card Elections - from the St. Louis Post-Dispatch - reprinted in Risks Digest Volume 6: Issue 4, 6 January 1988 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 6: Issue 21, 6 February 1988 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 6: Issue 23, 9 February 1988 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 6: Issue 33, 29 February 1988 Electronic Voting - Evaluating the Threat by Michael Ian Shamos, Ph.D., J.D., paper presented at CFP'93 Use of computers in elections raises security questions - Boston Globe article - reprinted in Risks Digest Volume 3: Issue 42, 25 August 1986Vote by Phone Voting by Phone: Empowering the People! - includes a variety of articles, editorials, and case studies about voting by phone including Televote: A New Civic Communication System by Vincent Campbell and Janet Santos, February 1975 Voting from home electronically - a variety of view points from Risks Digest Volume 10: Issue 64, 21 November 1990 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 10: Issue 67, 7 December 1990 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 10: Issue 72, 19 December 1990 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 10: Issue 78, 22 January 1991 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 11: Issue 1, 4 February 1991 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 11: Issue 3, 6 February 1991 Vote-by-Phone - Promises and Pitfalls by Roy G. Saltman - from Risks Digest Volume 11: Issue 75, 29 May 1991 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 11: Issue 76, 30 May 1991 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 11: Issue 77, 31 May 1991 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 11: Issue 78, 3 June 1991 Follow-up - from Risks Digest Volume 11: Issue 80, 4 June 1991 Phone voting in NM - from Risks Digest Volume 14: Issue 2, 9 November 1992 Voting by Phone in the Netherlands - also includes a note about the possibility of voting by phone in Chicago - from the Risks Digest Volume 17: Issue 32, 6 September 1995Vote by MailAlthough this is not directly related to electronic voting, this sectionis included because it deals with an alternative form of voting that isstarting to gain acceptance for governmental elections. Studying the path toacceptance of vote-by-mail may provide insight into how electronic voting maygain acceptance."It's a step into the information age; it fits with voters' lifestyles." --Oregon State Senator Randy Miller Vote by mail - about January 1995 Oregon Senator election - from the Risks Digest Volume 17: Issue 37, 28 September 1995 Democrat wins Oregon Senate seat - CNN, January 31, 1996 Voters Pamphlet, State of Oregon Presidential Primary Election March 12, 1996 - information about Oregon's first-ever vote-by-mail presidential preference primary, includes Q&A about Vote-by-Mail Oregon Secretary of State Executive Office - includes a variety of vote-by-mail info including contacts, statistics, history, and turnout and cost comparisons FINAL REPORT SURVEY OF VOTE-BY-MAIL ELECTION IN THE STATE OF OREGON - by Priscilla L. Southwell, Department of Political Science, University of Oregon, April 3, 1996 In some states where vote-by-mail or absentee ballots are optional, candidates, governmental organizations, and others are making ballot applications available over the Internet. You still have to print them out, sign them and return them in person or via postal mail, however.Electronic Democracy Teledemocracy Action News + Network -- dedicated to the creative use of modern technologies and face-to-face deliberative techniques in all forms that directly empower citizens to have authentic input into political systems Canadian Direct Democracy Smart Initiatives Project - web site for an organization that is trying to establish the right to submit digitally-signed petitions in California Democracies Online - Promoting the development and sustainability of online civic participation and democracy efforts around the world through experience, outreach, and education. EFF "Electronic Voting & Digital Democracy" Archive Electronic Democracy Annotated Bibliography compiled by |
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