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Welcome to The American Presidency var myDomain = ".grolier.com";//****************************************************************// Cookies -- Yum!//****************************************************************function Cookie() { this.getCookieVal = function(offset) { var endstr = document.cookie.indexOf (";", offset); if (endstr == -1) { endstr = document.cookie.length; } return unescape(document.cookie.substring(offset, endstr)); } this.FixCookieDate = function(date) { var base = new Date(0); var skew = base.getTime(); // dawn of (Unix) time - should be 0 if (skew > 0) // Except on the Mac - ahead of its time date.setTime (date.getTime() - skew); } this.GetCookie = function(name) { var arg = name + "="; var alen = arg.length; var clen = document.cookie.length; var i = 0; while (i < clen) { var j = i + alen; if (document.cookie.substring(i, j) == arg) { return this.getCookieVal (j); } i = document.cookie.indexOf(" ", i) + 1; if (i == 0) break; } return null; } this.SetCookie = function(name,value,expires,path,domain,secure) { document.cookie = name + "=" + escape (value) + ((expires) ? 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"; domain=" + domain : "") + "; expires=Thu, 01-Jan-70 00:00:01 GMT"; } } this.isBorderlessUser = function() { var BLU = this.GetCookie("bless"); var isBU = (BLU != "" && BLU != null); //alert("is a borderless user (article):" + BLU + "\nresult = " + isBU); return isBU; } }theCookie = new Cookie();//This is needed to allow the go atlas display the close or back link.theCookie.SetCookie("clhref", window.location.href, null, "/", ".grolier.com", null);function Popup() { // object variables this._gBlurbWindow; // object methods // set the focus after checking if the browser supports it this._setFocus = function() { //alert(navigator.userAgent); //MSIE 4.0(1) in particular doesn't like the focus call. if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 4.0") != -1) { return; } if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("MSIE 4.01") != -1) { return; } this._gBlurbWindow.focus(); } this.loadWindow = function(newLocation) { window.location.href = newLocation; } this.loadParent = function(newLocation) { window.opener.location = newLocation; window.opener.window.focus(); } this.loadGrandParent = function(newLocation) { parent.window.opener.window.opener.location = newLocation; parent.window.opener.window.opener.window.focus(); } this.loadGrandParentAndClose = function(newLocation) { parent.window.opener.window.opener.location = newLocation; parent.window.close(); parent.window.opener.window.opener.window.focus(); } this.loadParentWindowAndClose = function(newLocation) { window.opener.location = newLocation; window.close(); window.opener.window.focus(); } //this function just figures out of a particular option is on or off. this._isAffirmative = function(option) { if (option == "yes" || option == "on" || option == "true" || option == 1 || option == "1" || option == 'yes' || option == 'on' || option == 'true' || option == '1') { return 1; } else { return 0; } } this._newWindow = function(inContentURL, inWidth, inHeight, inWindowName, inResize, inStatusbars, inScrollbars, inMenubar) { options = "height=" + inHeight + ",width=" + inWidth; //configure resizing option if (this._isAffirmative(inResize) == 1) { options = options + ",resizable=yes"; } else { options = options + ",resizable=no"; } //configure menubar option if (this._isAffirmative(inMenubar) == 1) { options = options + ",menubar=yes"; } else { options = options + ",menubar=no"; } //configure status bar option if (this._isAffirmative(inStatusbars) == 1) { options = options + ",status=yes"; } else { options = options + ",status=no"; } //configure scrollbars option if (this._isAffirmative(inScrollbars) == 1) { options = options + ",scrollbars=yes"; } else { options = options + ",scrollbars=no"; } //alert(options); this._gBlurbWindow = window.open(inContentURL, inWindowName, options); this._gBlurbWindow.opener = window; this._setFocus(); } // this method opens a Blurb Window this.blurbWindow = function(inContentURL, inWidth, inHeight, inWindowName, inResize) { //order of parameters: URL, width, height, windowname, resize, statusbars, scrollbars, menubar this._newWindow(inContentURL, inWidth, inHeight, inWindowName, inResize, "yes", "yes", 'yes'); } // This window doesn't have location or menu bars */ this.boxWindow = function(inContentURL, inWidth, inHeight, inWindowName, inResize) { //alert("in boxWindow"); //order of parameters: URL, width, height, windowname, resize, statusbars, scrollbars, menubar this._newWindow(inContentURL, inWidth, inHeight, inWindowName, inResize, "yes", "yes", "no"); } // This window doesn't have location or menu bars or status bars this.boxWindowNoStatus = function(inContentURL, inWidth, inHeight, inWindowName, inResize) { alert("in boxWindowNostatus"); //order of parameters: URL, width, height, windowname, resize, statusbars, scrollbars, menubar this._newWindow(inContentURL, inWidth, inHeight, inWindowName, inResize, "no", "yes", "no"); }}var thePopup = new Popup();
//I'm going to break the rule here and leave this functionality out of the objectification of all javascript.
DOM = (document.getElementById) ? true : false;
NS4 = (document.layers) ? true : false;
IE = (document.all) ? true : false;
IE4 = IE && !DOM;
Mac = (navigator.appVersion.indexOf("Mac") != -1);
IE4M = IE4 && Mac;
Opera = (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Opera")!=-1);
Konqueror = (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("Konqueror")!=-1);
IsMenu = !Opera && !Konqueror && !IE4M && (DOM || NS4 || IE4);
BrowserString = NS4 ? "NS4" : DOM ? "DOM" : "IE4";
//This code was previously in nsdd623_70.js. I figured this is the perfect place to let this code live on.
var ddnav = navigator.userAgent;
//alert(navigator.userAgent);
//Netscape 6.2.x and Netscape 7.0 have problems loading goatlas
//information in the main frame, so I am going to set the document.domain
//to grolier.com so these browsers can exchange information without causing
//potential security flaws.
if (ddnav.indexOf("Netscape6/6.2") != -1 || ddnav.indexOf("Netscape/7.0") != -1) {
document.domain = "grolier.com";
}
function setWordLookup(event) { // is this a new version of gecko or safari? if (window.getSelection) { var str = window.getSelection(); // is this an older version of gecko? } else if (document.getSelection) { var str = document.getSelection(); // is this ie? } else if (document.selection && document.selection.createRange) { var range = document.selection.createRange(); var str = range.text; } else { return; } // cast the text object to a string str = str.toString(); // did the user select anything? if (str.length > 0) { // Escape the string so we can match the Spanish characters easier. str = escape(str); /* //Array of character entities to replace. var pattern = new Array("%E1", "%E9", "%ED", "%F1", "%F3", "%FA", "%FC", "%C1", "%C9", "%CD", "%D1", "%D3", "%DA", "%DC"); // Array of replacement characters. var replace = new Array("a", "e", "i", "i", "n", "o", "u", "u", "A", "E", "I", "N", "0", "U", "U"); // Loop through and replace all Spanish characters. for (var i = 0; i < pattern.length; i++) { str = str.replace(pattern[i], replace[i]); } // Get the first word of the selection. var re = new RegExp('^\\s?\\w+', "g"); str = re.exec(str); */ // Set the cookie. theCookie.SetCookie("wordlookup", str, null , "/", myDomain); } if (document.layers) { document.routeEvent(event); } } if (window.Event) { document.captureEvents(Event.MOUSEUP); } document.onmouseup = setWordLookup;  var Feature = "";if(window.event + "" == "undefined") event = null;function HM_f_PopUp(){return false};function HM_f_PopDown(){return false};popUp = HM_f_PopUp;popDown = HM_f_PopDown; [Content provided by the Sectional Strife. By that time party politics, for Calhoun, had been superseded by sectional interests. As the antislavery crusade gained momentum in the North, he became preoccupied with the political defense and intellectual justification of the "peculiar institution" on which Southerners generally believed their whole economy rested. He supported the Independent Treasury plan proposed by President Martin Van Buren as an alternative to a national bank and opposed Whig attempts to restore the tariff, but for the most part the last 15 years of his life were devoted to the promotion of Southern unity.In the Senate, Calhoun engineered passage of the gag rule that precluded discussion of slavery. As secretary of state in the last year of John Tyler's administration (1844), he arranged the annexation of Texas, which he justified on the ground that it would enlarge the area open to slavery and so help preserve sectional balance in the union. Back in the Senate in 1846, he led the battle against the Wilmot Proviso, which would have excluded slavery from territories acquired as a result of the Mexican War.He was still insisting upon the right of the slaveholders to take their human chattels into any territory of the United States when he denounced the Compromise of 1850 almost with his last breath. Too ill to speak, Calhoun sat in the Senate while his final exhortation was read on March 4, 1850. His last appearance there was on March 7, when he heard and approved Daniel Webster's appeal for sectional peace. He died in Washington on March 31, 1850.Philosophy. The substance of Calhoun's last speech was an argument for restoration of the sectional equilibrium that had existed from the earliest days of the republic by giving to each section, through its own majority, a veto on the acts of the federal government. This doctrine of the concurrent majority had been implicit in his nullification papers. It was amplified in the 1840s in a Disquisition on Government, intended as an introduction to a larger Discourse on the Constitution and Government of the United States. The Discourse and its prologue were published by the state of South Carolina shortly after his death.Although he was one of the intellectual progenitors of the Southern Confederacy, Calhoun never sought that solution. His tragedy was that his defense of an indefensible institution led him to reject democracy itself. His doctrine of representation by major interest groups influenced the functional federalism of a later day but in his own time only prepared the way for the destruction of the Union he loved.Charles M. Wiltse, Dartmouth College BibliographyCoit, Margaret L., John C. Calhoun (Berg 1977).Lander, E. M., Reluctant Imperialists: Calhoun, the South Carolinians, and the Mexican War (La. State Univ. Press 1980).Peterson, M. D., The Great Triumvirate: Webster, Clay and Calhoun (Oxford 1987).Wiltse, Charles M., John C. Calhoun, 3 vols. (Bobbs 1944–1951). Top of Page Related articles:Adams, John Quincy (1767-1848)  |
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