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Medieval Science
The Medieval Science Page
This page has been continuously available on the World-Wide Web and serving the "reality-based community" since October 19, 1995. It currently receives over 100,000 hits per annum.
Last updated February 17 2008: Added Guest Map feature. As always, page owners are requested to notify me at their earliest convenience in the event that they alter their URLs.
Please press "View" to pin your location on our new Guestmap below:
View my Guestmap
Free Guestmaps by Bravenet.com
My homepage has moved to here; please update your bookmarks if necessary.My blog may be read here.
Welcome to medieval science on the Web. This page is intended
to provide a convenient and comprehensive set of links to
all Internet resources worldwide which deal with aspects of medieval
science, both in Western and other cultures.
Some qualifications, definitions, and limitations of this project are listed below.
Contents by Topic
Alchemy
Animals
Astrolabe
Astronomy--see also Cosmology
Botany
Calendars
Cartography
Cosmology
Horology
Instruments
Mathematics
Medicine
Museums (topic-specific museums are indexed under topic headings)
Physics
Science--General/Interdisciplinary/Cultures
Societies and Programs
Technology (general)
Time
Weights and Measures
Renaissance Materials
Miscellaneous
James McNelis, Editor. I am also Editor-in-Chief of
Envoi: A Review Journal of Medieval Literature, founder and list manager of the Medbeast-L mailing list, and Founding Editor of Æstel
. Full text of several articles may be accessed from its website. Some fulltext (PDF) items may be read on Envoi's site as well, including Michael D. C. Drout and Hilary Wynne's "Tom Shippey's J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century and a Look Back at Tolkien Criticism since 1982."
References to new sites are
welcome; please send e-mail to me at McNelis "at" aol dot com with
information about them.
Medieval Science by Topic
Alchemy
The Alchemy Home Page.
Animals
The Aberdeen Bestiary Project
A detailed and informative source, with convenient cross-indexing.
Hunting and FalconryThis page will
provide links to references on medieval hunting and
falconry as practiced in Europe, the Middle East, Japan, and
other regions.
Medbeast-L mailing list
This list is intended to support productive scholarly discussion of issues relating to animals real and fictional, birds, fish, etc. in the culture of the Middle Ages, both in Europe and elsewhere. The archive is viewable by nonmembers.
Astrolabe
See Instruments
Astronomy
There are many net resources devoted to astronomy. These are only a selection
which may be of greater interest to those studying the medieval period:
Astronomy
This link contains information on the HASTRO mailing list; it is
subscriber-only. Subscription information is included.
Astronomiæ Historia
/ History of Astronomy
A general index of net resources on the subject.
History of Astronomy--Museums----this link through the Univ. of Bonn is often difficult to access.
Archæoastronomy
This page has many valuable references, including the huge Clive Ruggles
collection of images of astronomical sites from many cultures all over the
world.
Astronomy and Mythology--this link through the Univ. of Bonn is often difficult to access.
Botany
vPlants: A Virtual Herbarium of the Chicago Area
"Three major botanical institutions, The Morton Arboretum, The Field Museum of Natural History, and the Chicago Botanic Garden are developing an on-line searchable herbarium (vPlants, or "virtual plants") that will provide herbarium specimen data and digital images of specimens and labels to anyone with internet access."
A botanical dictionary, by Chuck Griffith.
Medieval Botanica: Mythical Plants of the
Middle Ages
By James L. Matterer.
Nature Described
From the Vatican Exhibition, U.S. Library of Congress.
Calendars
See Horology
Cartography
Ptolemy's Geography
From the Vatican Exhibition at the U.S. Library of Congress.
Cartography
This source has a category devoted to the classical and medieval periods.
The Art of the
Mapmaker
From the British Library.
Cosmology
Dante and Ptolemy--an article including detailed diagrams.
Horology
Clock, Watch, and Time Museums--Index
The Current Date and Time in Old English, courtesy of Cathy Ball.
Time in the Ancient World
A link from the US National Institute of Science and Technology, which includes pages on related topics of interest.
Calendars--this link through the University of Bonn is often difficult to access.
Peter Binkley's Medieval Calendar Calculator
Otfried Lieberknecht's Medieval Calendar Utility
Instruments
The Medieval Science and Scientific Instruments Page
Astrolabe: An Instrument with a Past and a Future includes a virtual astrolabe in electronic form.
The Hands-On Astrolabe Page includes downloadable templates to build your own.
Mathematics
Europe--Mathematics and the Humanities
Todd Hammond's site includes an impressive array of interrelated topics, with helpful cross-links and annotated bibliographies. The site addresses the history of mathematics in depth, and emphasizes Middle Eastern, Asian, and other concentrations as well as European.
History of
Mathematics
A general index of net resources on the subject.
Boethius
Although De arithmetica is not yet entirely on-line (links to a manuscript image and details of De arithmetica are online at this link), the full text of the
Consolatio, as well as an English
translation, are provided.
Mathematics
From the Vatican Exhibition at the U.S. Library of Congress.
Graphotactics by Robert D. Stevick.
Medicine
CADUCEUS History of Medicine Mailing List
To join, send the following message to
ListProc@list.ab.umd.edu:
sub caduceus-l firstname lastname
The History of Medicine
The Syllabus of the History of Medicine has been relocated, and may be seen here.
Medicine and Biology
Classical texts on medicine from the Vatican Library.
Online
Images from the History of Medicine
Includes many medieval illustrations. From the American National
Library of
Medicine.
Leprosy
This page presents leprosy in the context of marginality in the Middle Ages, and links to related discussion of the marginalization of Jews, witches, and other groups.
Museums of the History of Science
History of Science and Science Museums: Major Museum List
Smith College History of Science: Museum of Ancient Inventions
Stevenson Library--Bard College, Hist of Science Gateway--This link was down as of Dec. 29 2004.
The WWWVL for the
History of Science, Technology and Medicine
Physics
The Physics of
Aristotle.Aristotle vs. Galileo.Averroes (Ibn Rushd) Database--The "Great Commentator" on Aristotle and Plato (1128-1198)
Science--General/Interdisciplinary/CulturesArabic Science:"Whose Science is Arabic Science in Renaissance Europe?" by George Saliba of Columbia University.An Interactive Guide to Muslim Contributions to ScienceHistory of Science and Technology in IslamChinese Science:History of Chinese Invention and DiscoveryChina--Dynasties and Contributions Chart
Societies, Programs, General Mailing Lists
MEDICA: The Journal for the Study of Health and Healing in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period
An online journal published by Medica: The Society for the Study of Health and Healing in the Middle Ages and Early Modern Period.
Cambridge University Summer School
Programmes include science and its history, medieval studies, literature, and other subject areas.
The Society for the History of Medieval Technology and Science (SHMTS)
The Society is based in the Wellcome Unit for the History of Medicine at Oxford University.
History and Philosophy of Science Graduate Student Association (HAPSAT)
The Association is based at the University of Toronto.
The Medieval Science List
You may subscribe by sending the message "SUBSCRIBE" to
medsci@kant.ch.umkc.edu.
History of Science: Med-Tech List
To join, send the following message to
listserv@h-net.msu.edu:
subscribe name institution
Technology
The Medieval Technology Pages
These pages are by Paul J. Gans at New York University. Professor Gans teaches a course on medieval technology (link), perhaps the only one of its kind in the US.
Time
See Horology
Weights and Measures
See Horology above for the measurement of time.
Medieval Weights and Measures
from the online Encyclopedia Britannica.
Norway's History of Measurements
Renaissance Materials
Although not strictly within the purview of this page, there are several web
sites of interest relating to the renaissance period; accordingly, some are
listed below.
The Art of
Renaissance Science has been relocated here.
The Columbus Navigation Homepage
This site has many informative links.
Institute and Museum of the History of Science of Florence, Italy
Natural
Magick
Translation of the book by Giovanni Bapista Porta.
Historic
Maps of Dutch Cartographers
Miscellaneous
I am not sure where else to file a page which gives Internet weather updates in Latin, as well as over a dozen other languages, but as a pedagogical resource--and a good laugh--it should certainly be included somewhere: The Weather Underground.
Qualifications, definitions, limitations:
"A comprehensive set of links" has become a slightly less attainable goal as the web has grown since 1995, but nonetheless it is hoped to try to include any link which, in the editor's judgement, appears to have good value for both students and researchers seeking at least a basic introduction to any of the topics that may fall under this heading. Similarly, when this page was first posted, there were few relevant pages to link to, and an overly particular definition of what should and should not be included would have resulted in an even slimmer resource than it originally was. While I will do what I can from time to time to upgrade and modernize, it is hoped that a modicum of understanding of the page's ancient (in web terms) history will help the reader to excuse some shortcomings in consistency of approach and/or execution.The definition of "medieval," vague enough in Europe and the Middle East, becomes somewhat impractical in other regions of the world--consequently, this page may include items relating back to the ancient world as it seems useful or appropriate.Preference is given to pages written by scholarly authors with expert knowledge of their disciplines. Commercial pages will be linked only if they seem academically sound, and this page disclaims any endorsement of commercial activity sponsored by such sites--likewise, of religious or other beliefs that may be advocated by those posting certain pages.General encyclopedia articles on many topics can readily be found on Wikipedia, but I would advise students not only that many faculty ban all Wikipedia articles as class project sources, but that some of them are of very poor quality. In any event, they should be used only as a starting point for a general orientation on a topic. I have found that it is often better to follow the additional links posted at the end of a Wikipedia article to find more current and/or specialist information. Under no circumstances should you refer to Yahoo! Answers--they make Wikipedia look awfully good by comparison!Library resources are always one's best bet, and searching the databases linked from an academic library will consistently provide reliable, peer-reviewed online as well as paper publications in any field desired. I hope to put more hardcopy bibliographical references on this page and its sub-pages, but that is a large task in fields of study I am not expert in, and so progress on that goal is likely to be gradual.
There is a good reason that the codex book (the kind with pages stuck together on one side, as opposed to the ancient scroll-type book still seen today in, for example, a Torah) has persisted for over a thousand years: it is the best way to store, read, and refer to any large body of specific information. Anyone who tells you paper books are obsolete does not know what they are talking about; any student who tries to avoid reading them is guaranteeing an inferior education for himself or herself.
This page was created and is maintained by
James McNelis, Associate Professor of English, Wilmington College, Ohio, USA. Mail to McNelis "at" aol.com.
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