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Title: Ethnicity/The Americas/Indigenous/Native Americans/Tribes, Nations and Bands/O/Osage - Four Directions Institute: Osage Tribal profile, timeline, and links.
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FDI - Osage
FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Osage
Ethnie:
OSAGE (WAZHAZHE)
Dialect:
Osage
Language:
Dhegihan
Family
Mississippi Valley Siouan
Stock:
Siouan Proper
Phylum:
Siouan
Macro-Culture:
Great Plains
Speakers
5 speakers (1991 M. Krauss)
The Osage were a sedentary
hunter/farmer except for summer buffalo hunts which took them great
distances. They separated from other Dhegihan peoples in their
former territories on the Wabasha and Ohio Rivers. They first
migrated up the Mississippi River before ultimately settling in Arkansas
and Missouri. ranging into Oklahoma and Kansas.
The Osage were constantly
at war with most of their neighbors, though they remained allied with
the Kaw. They moved often as a result of those conflicts and from
White pressure. They took large population losses during the 19th
century. They fought to protect their territories from immigrant
tribes leaving the east as a result of the Removal Act, but were
ultimately overwhelmed. They lost considerable territory to the
Cherokee.
Aboriginal Locations
(Subdivisions)
Variable (see links)
Present
Locations
OK Osage Tribe, Pahuska
Year
History
1500
Had separated from the Quapaw
and Kansa as part of the Omaha group removing from the area of the Ohio
and Wabash Rivers and traveled up the Mississippi to Missouri, the
Omaha/Ponce soon migrated north
1673
Mentioned by Marquette map as
being located on the Missouri River, called "Ouchage"
1686
Arkansas Post established
1687
Visited by Douray, had 17
villages
1693
Began trading with French
traders
1719
Great Osage visited by Du Tisne
1795
Many Osage followed trader Jean
Pierre Chouteau to present Oklahoma; Chickasaw attacked Arkansas Post
1798
Received some Missouri tribe
refugees from war with Sac and Fox
1802
Many moved west to Kansas on the
Arkansas River
1804
Visited by Lewis and Clark
1808
Ceded all Arkansas lands by
treaty
1818
Cherokee campaign against Osage
ended with Osage ceding some of their Oklahoma lands to Cherokee
1821
Union Protestant mission
established among tribe; 800 Osage attacked Ft. Smith; 30-100 Osage
massacred by 300 Cherokee, Creek, Delaware, and Shawnee
1823
Delaware killed seven lodges of
Osage; Comanche killed 20-25 Osage warriors
1824
Fort Towsend established on Red
River to protect Whites from Osage and Cherokee
1825
Further land concessions by
treaty
1826
Tribe killed 18 Pawnee
1827
Fort Leavenworth established to
stop Delaware-Osage war
1829
Virtually destroyed Missouri
tribe; San Houston established store in northeast Oklahoma, allied with
Cherokee, Osage, and Creek
1830
Killed 80-90 Pawnee in battle on
upper Arkansas River
1839
Further concessions by treaty;
possible smallpox epidemic
1855
Smallpox epidemic
1861
1st Osage Battalion fought for
south in Civil War under Cherokee Brigadier General Stand Wadie
1865
Further concessions by treaty
1870
Reservation established by act
of Congress
1898
Oil discovered on reservation
Year
Total
Population
AR
MO
OK
Source
1700
8,000
2,000
6,000
NAHDB calculation
1780
6,200
Mooney estimate
1800
5,200
1,200
4,000
NAHDB calculation
1804
4,800
Lewis and Clark
1806
4,535
Pike report
Grand
Osage
1.909
Little
Osage
926
Arkansas
1,700
1822
5,200
Morse estimate
1829
5,000
Porter estimate
1843
4,102
US Indian Office
1877
3,001
US Indian Office
1884
1,537
US Indian Office
1886
1,582
US Indian Office
1900
1,900
1,900
NAHDB calculation
1906
1,994
US Indian Office
1910
1,373
Census
1923
2,099
US Indian Office
1930
2,344
Census
1937
3,649
US Indian Office
1973
3,350
BIA
1981
5,612
BIA
1989
8,147
BIA estimate
2000
18,000
18,000
NAHDB calculation
Other speakers of
the same language:
None
Osage
Sites:
1st Osage Battalion http://home.earthlink.net/~dawise/Osage.htm
Black Dog http://home.earthlink.net/~dawise/blackdog.htm
Building the Osage Bow http://www.osageorange.com/
Conner, Bill, Osage Indian http://www.ausbcomp.com/~bbott/wortman/conner_w.htm
Fort Smith: Gateway to Indian Territory http://brownvboard.org/brwnqurt/01-2/01-2e.htm
Great Osage / GSA Treaty http://www.patriotist.com/greatosage.htm
Guarding Fort Osage http://www.missourilife.com/dest008a.shtml
Historic Fort Osage http://www.historicfortosage.com/osage.html
La Flesche, Francis http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/omhhtml/omhfcn1.html
Lucas' Osage Bill Becomes Law http://www.house.gov/lucas/news/press2004/osagelaw.html
Firebird from Oklahoma http://www.houstonculture.org/cr/maria.html
Northern California Osage Association http://www.osage-ncoa.org/
Osage http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/cultural/northamerica/osage.html
Osage http://www.nativeamericans.com/Osage.htm
Osage http://www.watersheds.org/history/osage.htm
Osage: A Historical Sketch http://www.anpa.ualr.edu/digital_library/Osage_Sketch/osage_sketch_11.htm
Osage (Wazhazhe) http://www.twingroves.district96.k12.il.us/NativeAmericans/Osage.html
Osage Art http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/4aa/4aa297.htm
Osage Art http://www.turtletrack.org/Issues04/Co04172004/CO_04172004_OsageArt.htm
Osage Authors http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t66
Osage Indian http://www.osagecounty.org/indians/osage-indian.html
Osage Indian Baptist Church http://www.sermonaudio.com/source_detail.asp?sourceid=osagetowncrier
Osage Indian Murder FBI Files http://www.paperlessarchives.com/osage.html
Osage Indians http://www.uark.edu/depts/contact/osage.html
Osage Indians, Lewis and Clark http://www.nps.gov/jeff/LewisClark2/TheJourney/NativeAmericans/Osate.htm
Osage Indian Tribe http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/missouri/osageindianhist.htm
Osage Indian Tribe http://www.kansasgenealogy.com/indians/osage_indian_tribe.htm
Osage Indian Tribe History http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/osage/osagehist.htm
Osage Language http://www.native-languages.org/osage.htm
Osage Language http://www.osage-ncoa.org/pages/language.shtml
Osage Language http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_language.asp?code=OSA
Osage Linguistic Lineage http://www.ethnologue.com/14/show_lang_family.asp?code=OSA
Osage: Lewis and Clark http://ali.apple.com/ali_sites/ali/exhibits/1001242/
Osage Nation http://ktwu.wuacc.edu/journeys/scripts/1111a.html
Osage Nation http://www.osagetribe.com/
Osage Nation http://www.itmatrustfunds.org/Tribes_folder/Osage.htm
Osage Nation, Indian Territory http://www.rootsweb.com/~itosage/
Osage Nation , Unofficial Website http://www.osagenation.net/
Osage Native Tagged for US Ag Secretary http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/4aa/4aa297.htm
Osage Treaty http://www.google.com/search?q=osage+tribe+OR+nation+OR+indian+OR+native+OR+language&hl=en&lr=lang_en&as_qdr=all&start=140&sa=N
Pawhuska, Oklahoma http://www.lasr.net/pages/city.php?City_ID=OK0311039&VA=Y
Pratt, Steven http://www.natcom.org/research/Profiles/pratt.htm
Quintero, Carolyn, Preserving Osage Language http://www.tfaoi.com/aa/4aa/4aa297.htm
Last updated 06/01/05 Copyright ©
2005 by Four
Directions Press
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