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FDI - Powhatan
FOUR
DIRECTIONS INSTITUTE
Powhatan
Ethnie:
POWHATAN
Language:
Powhatan
Family:
Eastern Algonquian
Stock:
Algonquian
Phylum:
Algic
Macro-Culture:
Eastern Woodlands
Speakers
None
The
Powhatan were a sedentary hunter/farmer confederacy. They lived in the
tidewater section and eastern shore of Virginia from the Potomac to the
James River. They experienced good relations with the first colonists
around Jamestown highlighted by the marriage of Pocahontas to John Rolfe.
The peace soon deteriorated into a fourteen year war. They took more
losses in wars with Iroquoian peoples and the Whites in the following
years.
Aboriginal Locations: Subdivisions (Villages)
VA
Accohanock, Accomac, Appomattoc, Arrohattoc, Chesapeake, Chickahominy,
Chiskiac, Cuttatawomen, Kecoughtan, Mattapony, Moraughtacund, Mummapacune,
Nansemond, Nantaughtacund, Onawmanient, Pamunkey, Paspahegh, Pataunck,
Pissasec, Potomac, Powhatan, Pappahannock, Secacawoni, Tauxenent,
Warrasqueoc, Weanoc, Werowocomoco, Wicocomoco, Youghtanund (124)
Present Locations
MD Accohannock
Indian Tribe, Inc., Marion Station
VA Chickahominy
Indian Tribe, Providence Forge
Mattaponi Reservation, West Point
Nansemond Indian Tribe, Suffolk
Pamunkey Reservation, King Wilkliam
United Rappahannock Tribe Inc., Indian Neck
Upper Mattaponi Tribe, Inc., St. Stephens Church
Year
History
1498
Cabots probably among first visitors
1570
Spanish Jesuit mission established but soon
extinguished by Indians
1607
Jamestown settlement
1618
Powhatan's daughter Pocahontas married John Rolfe
1622
Opechancanough, Chief Powhatan's second successor
led uprising destroying all White villages except those around Jamestown;
14 year war ensued
1636
Peace agreement
1644
Opechancanough led second destructive revolt, he
was killed , tribe placed on reservations
1656
Pamunkey band assisted colonists in invasion of
inland people
1670
Smallpox epidemic sometime after this year
1675
Wrongly accused of Conestoga (Susquehannock)
depredations, many unauthorized attacks on tribe led by Nathaniel Bacon
1676
Large number of men, women, children storm
victims massacred near Richmond; peace made with survivors on condition of
annual tribute to be paid by each village
1722
Colonists made treaty with Iroquois for them to
stop attacks on Powhatan
1831
Powhatan band on eastern Virginia shore had
become intermixed with Negroes, driven away as a result of slave uprising
under Nat Turner
1935
Surviving bands: Chickahominy, Mattaponi,
Nansemond, Pamunkey, Potomac, Powhatan, Rappahannock, Upper Mattaponi,
Werowocomoco, Wicocomoco
Year
Total Pop.
MD
VA
Source
1600
9,000
Mooney estimate
1669
2,000
Census
1700
1,500
100
1,400
NAHDB calculation
1775
1,000
Mooney estimate
1800
1,000
100
900
NAHDB calculation
1900
850
50
800
NAHDB calculation
1923
822
US Indian Office
2000
1,500
100
1,400
NAHDB calculation
Other speakers of
the same language:
Chowanoc, Hatteras, Machapunga, Moratok,
Pamilco, Weapemeoc
Powhatan
Sites:
Accohannock
http://www.ontalink.com/native_americans/accohannock.html
Accohannock Indian Tribe
http://www.easternshore.com/esguide/hist_accohannock.html
Accohannock Indian Tribe
http://www.indianwatertrails.com/
Accohannock Living Village
http://skipjack.net/le_shore/accohannock/
Algonquin Language Group - Powhatan Tribe
http://mal.sbo.hampton.k12.va.us/fourth/socstudies/indianwebquest/algon.htm
Chickahominy Indians Eastern Division
http://www.cied.org/
Chickahominy Tribe
http://www.ewebtribe.com/NACulture/chickahominy.htm
Chickahominy Tribe
http://www.chickahominytribe.org/
Cultural Anthropology of Indian Villages
http://www.lost-colony.com/cultural.html
Jamestown
http://www.williamsburgonline.com/attract/Williamsburg-VA-attractions-Jamestown.html
Jamestown, Virginia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamestown,_Virginia
John Smith's Virginia Village
http://away.com/primedia/pol_soc/jamestown_1.html
Mattaponi Authors
http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t186
Mattaponi Indian Reservation
http://www.baylink.org/Mattaponi/
Mattaponi Indian Town Marker
http://www.mppdc.com/historical/PagesMarkers/MattaponiIndnTown.shtml
Nansemond Indian Tribe
http://www.nansemond.org/index2.html
Nansemond Tribe
http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/VA-news/VA-Pilot/issues/1995/vp950901/08300240.htm
Pamunkey History
http://www.aaanativearts.com/article1119.html
Pamunkey Indian Museum
http://www.virginia.org/site/description.asp?AttrID=11647&MGrp=1&MCat=2
Pamunkey Indian Reservation
http://www.baygateways.net/general.cfm?id=60
Pamunkey Indians of Virginia
http://www.ls.net/~newriver/va/pamunkey.htm
Pamunkey Indian Tribe
http://www.baylink.org/Pamunkey/
Pocahontas
http://home.ntelos.net/~bollingkd/pocahontas.html
Pocahontas
http://www.mce.k12tn.net/indians/famous/pocahontas.htm
Pocahontas: Ambassador to the New World
http://www.aetv.com/class/admin/study_guide/archives/aetv_guide.0542.html
Pocahontas/Matoaka
http://www.angelfire.com/realm/shades/nativeamericans/pocahontas.htm
Powhatan Authors
http://www.ipl.org/div/natam/bin/browse.pl/t212
Powhatan Ceremonies and Beliefs
http://www.meadowthorpe.fcps.net/projects/native_americans/PowhatanCeremonies%20and%20Beliefs.htm
Powhatan Confederacy
http://www.nativeamericans.com/PowhatanConfederacy.htm
Powhatan Confederation
http://www.kidspoint.org/columns2.asp?column_id=912&column_type=homework
Powhatan Dictionary
http://www.wicocomico-indian-nation.com/pages/dictionary.html
Powhatan History
http://www.easternshore.com/esguide/hist_powhatan.html
Powhatan History (Short)
http://www.patc.net/history/native/ind_hist.html
Powhatan Indian Facts
http://www.geocities.com/bigorrin/powhatan_kids.htm
Powhatan Indian Lifeways
http://www.nps.gov/colo/Jthanout/Indianlife.html
Powhatan Indians
http://www.baydreaming.com/powhatan.htm
Powhatan Indians of Virginia
http://falcon.jmu.edu/~ramseyil/vaindianspowindex.htm
Powhatan Indians Research Guide
http://curry.edschool.virginia.edu/socialstudies/projects/jvc/unit/broad/research_outline.html
Powhatan Indian Tribe History
http://www.accessgenealogy.com/native/tribes/powhatan/powhatanhist.htm
Powhatan Indian Village
http://ab.mec.edu/jamestown/powhatan.html
Powhatan Indian Village
http://www.historyisfun.org/jamestown/powhatan.cfm
Powhatan Indian Village 1
http://www.ronsaari.com/stockImages/maryland/PowhatanIndianVillage1.php
Powhatan Indian Village 2
http://www.ronsaari.com/stockImages/maryland/PowhatanIndianVillage2.php
Powhatan Language
http://www.native-languages.org/powhatan.htm
Powhatan Language
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=pim
Powhatan Linguistic Lineage
http://www.ethnologue.com/show_lang_family.asp?code=pim
Powhatan Nation
http://www.powhatangov.org/
Powhatan Renape Nation
http://www.powhatan.org/
Powhatan Tribe Reading List
http://www.si.edu/resource/faq/nmai/powhatan.htm
Rappahannock Indian Migration
http://www.mppdc.com/historical/PagesMarkers/RappahannockIndianMigration.shtml
Rappahannock Tribe
http://fredericksburg.com/News/FLS/Projects/JohnSmith/day2/day2_jumpstory
Unofficial Pamunkey Indian Hope Page
http://home.earthlink.net/~pamunkey/
Virginia's First People
http://virginiaindians.pwnet.org/culture/index.php
Virtual Jamestown: Powhatan Indian
Attack
http://www.virtualjamestown.org/phatmass.html
Wicocomico Indian Nation
http://www.wicocomico-indian-nation.com/
Last updated 10/10/05 Copyright ©
2005 by Four
Directions Press
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