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PAL: Elizabeth Palmer Peabody (1804-1894)
PAL:
Perspectives in American Literature - A Research and Reference Guide
- An Ongoing Project
©
Paul
P. Reuben
(To send an
email, please click on my name above.)
Chapter 4: Elizabeth
Palmer Peabody (1804-1894)
Outside Links: |
Age-of-the
Sage: EPP |
The
Peabody Sisters
|
Page Links: |
Primary
Works |
Selected
Bibliography |
MLA Style
Citation of this Web Page
|
| A
Brief Biography
|
Site Links: |
Chap
4: Index |
Alphabetical
List |
Table
Of Contents |
Home
Page | February 1,
2008 |
Source: Concord.Net
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody was
one of nineteenth-century America's most important Transcendental
writers and educational reformers. Unfortunately, she has also
been one of the most scandalously neglected and caricatured female
intellectuals in American history. Peabody's ceaseless devotion
to education was both broad and practical. She saw the
classroom as mediating between the needs of the individual and the
claims of society. In 1820 she opened a private school in
Lancaster, Massachusetts, and two years later another in
Boston. She opened another school in 1825 in Brookline,
Massachusetts, where she made the acquaintance of William Ellery
Channing, with whom she shared a remarkable intellectual
intimacy. From 1825 to 1834 she served informally as his
secretary, copying down his sermons and seeing them into print.
In 1834 she helped Amos Bronson Alcott establish his radical Temple
School in Boston. Her Record of a School (1835), based on her journal
of Alcott's methods and daily interactions with the children, did
much to establish Alcott as a leading and controversial educator and
thinker.
A member of Ralph Waldo
Emerson's social circle and the Transcendental Club, Peabody
introduced the Transcendentalists to the work of the Salem
poet-mystic Jones Very and the writer Nathaniel Hawthorne. In
1839 she opened her West Street bookstore, which became a gathering
place for the intellectual community of Boston. She was
probably the first woman book publisher in the United States.
On her own printing press she published translations from German by
Margaret Fuller and three of Hawthorne's earliest books. She
published and wrote articles for the Transcendentalist Dial, as well
as other periodicals. In 1849 she published a single number of
a Transcendentalist journal, Aesthetic Papers, which contained, among
other essays, Henry David Thoreau's "Resistance to Civil
Government."
Peabody's particular brand
of Transcendentalism was anchored in the idea of a just society
informed by liberal Christianity, and stressed the need for
historical knowledge to balance the movement's focus on individual
intuition. Her great emphasis on the education of the young led
her to embrace the kindergarten movement in 1859. Inspired by
Friedrich Froebel's kindergarten work in Germany, she opened the
nation's first formal kindergarten in Boston in 1860. Later she
toured European kindergartens and wrote numerous books concerning
kindergarten education. In 1873 she founded the Kindergarten
Messenger, of which she was editor during its two years of
publication, and in 1877 she organized the American Froebel Union, of
which she was the first president. From 1879 to 1884 she was a
lecturer at Alcott's famous Concord School of Philosophy. She
published Reminiscences of Reverend William Ellery Channing, D.D. in
1880 and Last Evening with Allston in 1886. In addition, she
championed antislavery, European liberal revolutions, Spiritualism,
and, in her last years, the Paiute Indians. - Alcott
Net
Primary
Works
Key to History: First
Steps to Study of History, 1832; The Hebrews, 1833; The
Greeks, 1833; Moral culture of Infancy and Kindergarten Guide,
1863
Selected
Bibliography
Ronda, Bruce A. ed.
Letters of Elizabeth Palmer Peabody: American Renaissance
Woman. Middletown : Wesleyan UP, 1984.
- - -. Elizabeth Palmer
Peabody: A Reformer on Her Own Terms. Cambridge: Harvard UP,
1999.
Elizabeth
Palmer Peabody (1804-1894): A Brief Biography
A Student Project by
Connie Owens
Elizabeth Palmer Peabody
wore many hats during her active lifetime. The text of Brook
Farm describes Peabody as both student and teacher. As a teacher
she instructed younger sisters Maria and Sophia when she was just
sixteen. In 1834, she taught at A. Bronson Alcott's Temple School. As
Alcott's assistant, she recorded transcripts of his lessons that she
would eventually publish under the title Record of a School.
She took on the role of student when she studied Greek under Ralph
Waldo Emerson. Peabody was also very active in reform having
supported black and Indian causes (Swift 260). She would go on to
become a publisher, writer and found a school with her sister Mary in
1825.
Peabody was born on May 16,
1804, to Nathaniel Peabody and Elizabeth Palmer in Billerica,
Massachusetts. The eldest of seven children, Peabody was educated in
a home school run by her mother, a teacher by trade. Peabodys's
father was a doctor and dentist (Neussendofer 152).
In 1840, Peabody established
the West Street Book Shop and publishing house. The shop became a
place where intellectuals gathered to talk. Margaret Fuller also gave
lectures there (Tharp 136-7). A group formed by Ralph Waldo Emerson
called the Hedge's club or The Synposium also met at the shop to
discuss various philosophies. Margaret Fuller and Elizabeth Peabody
were the only women asked to join this club. The group established a
philosophy called Transcendentalism. Due to the fact that most of the
members of the group were writers they started a publication called
the Dial (Tharp 140). Peabody's first article "A Glimpse of
Christ's Idea of Society" appeared in the Dial in 1841. This
was also the year in which Peabody briefly took over publication of
the Dial.
Peabody had a great interest
in the kindergarten. She was influenced by Friedrich Froebel, the
founder of the kindergarten. In the years of 1873-1877, Peabody
edited The Kindergarten Messenger, as well as wrote several
articles for the publication (Neussendorfer 153). The kindergarten is
said to have taken up much of her time in the later years of her
life. The Elizabeth Peabody House in Boston was established to
educate disadvantaged children using kindergarten methods.
Works Cited
Neussendorfer, Margaret.
"Elizabeth Palmer Peabody". Dictionary of Literary
Biography, V.1, 1978.
Swift, Lindsay. Brook
Farm. Secaucus: New jersey, 1973.
Tharp, Louise. The
Peabody Sisters of Salem. Boston, 1950.
MLA Style Citation
of this Web Page:
Reuben, Paul P.
"Chapter 4: Elizabeth Palmer Peabody." PAL: Perspectives in
American Literature- A Research and Reference Guide. WWW URL:
http://www.csustan.edu/english/reuben/pal/chap4/peabody.html
(provide page date or date of your login).
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