| Related sites for http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/profiles/condorcet.htm |
| Christian_Democratic_Youth_of_Ukraine_(CDYU) Youth NGO affiliated with EPP and DEMYC. Includes essays on relations with Europe and the pre-election period. | | Sovereign_Grace_Church Middletown, Delaware. Background, where and when they meet, profile of the senior pastor. | | Center_for_American_Progress A think tank offering policy proposals, talking points, events, news and columns. Weekly email newsletter Progress Report. | | England,_India,_and_The_East_Indies An attempt to dislodge the Dutch in 1617. | | The_Great_Mysteries_of_the_Languedoc Legends and theories concerning the Cathars of the Languedoc and their alleged links to Rennes-le-Chateau, the Knights Templar, the Holy Grail, the Ark of the Covenant, and the Da Vinci Code. | | The_American_Experience__The_Presidents A collection of research developed for the PBS television series. Includes a review of all 20th century chief executives, a collection of Presidential quotes, links to related sites, a comprehensive c | | LaFerrière_and_Charron Family history of Joseph A R LaFerrière across the USA, Quebec and Saint Onge, France. | | Brockwood_Park_School Quotes and information on the school, its curriculum, ambiance and philosophy. Located in England. | | Kosmic_Kabbalah Kabbalistic artwork for sale. | | Singles_of_Faith Personal ads for single Christians. Offers monthly local community service projects nationwide. Trains members in relationship skills and spiritual growth. | | New_Brighton_Christian_Assembly New Brighton, Pennsylvania. Schedule of services, map and directions, events calendar, list of the church's ministries. Does not work in Netscape 3 or 4. | | Pamela_Wilson disciple of Robert Adams, H W L Poonja and Neelam. The site has biographical information, schedule of satsangs and weekend retreats and tapes may be purchased. A book of satsang extracts 'On Being a M | | Avoid_Becoming_a_Victim_of_Credit_Card_Fraud Information for merchants who operate e-commerce sites on recognizing signs of fraud and what to do if you become a victim. | | Stone,_Charles__Libarchy Commentary relating to libertarianism, individualism, belief in the Constitution and free thought. | | Protect_Your_Healthcare Site that advocates against congressional legislation allowing Association Health Plans to take away current healthcare protections under state law. | | Latino_Leaders_of_Bryan_High the first Latino organization at Bryan High | | Methodological_Naturalism?__Part_I First installment of a two-part article by Plantinga on science's claims of religious neutrality. | | Tahitian_Proverbs_and_Riddles Three proverbs and two riddles in Tahitian with English translation. | | The_Unitarian_Universalist_Tradition__A_Basic_Research_and_Reading_List Annotated list of print and Internet resources, prepared for the Harvard Divinity School community by Andover-Harvard Theological Library. | | Inyeda_Granite_Co__Ltd Manufacturer and exporter of granite monuments from China. |
|
Condorcet
Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, 1743-1794.
French philosopher, mathematician, social scientist, economist, gentleman,
politician and humanitarian, the Marquis of Condorcet was the only giant of the Enlightenment
present at the revolution.
Born in Saint-Quentin and educated at Navarre, Condorcet arrived in Paris in
1762. In 1765, Condorcet published his first work on mathematics. In
1769, he was elected to the prestigious Académie française. From
1773, he was appointed perpetual secretary of the Académie.
Condorcet fell in with the clique of Voltaire, Diderot and, above all,
Jacques Turgot, who would serve as his mentor until his
death. Turgot encouraged him to explore economic
questions.
Like many other Enlightenment thinkers,
His mathematique sociale drew upon
Enlightenment rationalism to explain socio-economic phenomona by
mathematical (or, more commonly, statistical) methods. He distanced
himself from Rousseau's attempt to alter classic rationalism with sentiment,
preferring instead to raise reason to the mathematical level. Thus,
Condorcet argued that the only social obligation is to obey the general reason,
rather than the general will. In this way, the will of the majority
is automatically trumped if it fails to comply with reason.
Condorcet was an optimist on social progress, believing in the ultimate
"perfectability" of man. Malthus's
population doctrines were partly directed against his ideas. Condorcet's research programme was
abandoned wholesale after the French Revolution - particularly after J.B. Say's efforts to redirect French theory towards non-mathematical British political economy.
A good friend of Jacques Turgot, Condorcet was appointed by
Turgot as master of the mint in 1774. He resigned in protest in 1776 over Turgot's
dismissal, but went on to serve until 1791 (writing, in the meantime, an expository
biography of Turgot and his famous 1785 Condorcet Paradox on the intransitivity of
majority preference).
Condorcet took a leading role in the 1789 French Revolution,
which he saw as embodying a great hope for his "rationalist" reconstruction of
society. However, he voted against the execution of the Louis XVI and opposed the
arrest of the Girodins. As a result of these principled moves, Condorcet
was denounced as a traitor by the Jacobins and went into hiding in 1791.
It was during this period that he wrote his great humanitarian tract on the
progress of the human spirit (1795). Finally captured in 1794, he
reportedly took his own life in prison, although the possibility that he was
murdered cannot be ruled out.
Major Works of the Marquis of Condorcet
Essai sur le calcul intégral, 1765.
Lettres sur le commerce des grains,
1774
Réflexions sur le commerce des bleds,
1776
Réfléxions sur l'esclavage des Nègres, 1781
Mémoire sur le calcul des probabilités, 1781-84.
Essai sur l'application de l'analyse a la probabilté des
decisions rendues a la pluralité des voix (Eng: Essay on the Application of Analysis to the Probability of Majority Decisions),
1785.
Vie de M. Turgot , 1786
De
l'influence de la Révolution d'Amérique sur l'Europe, 1786
Essai sur la
constitution et les fonctions des Assemblées provinciales,
1788
Sentimens d'un Républicain, sur les assemblées provinciales et les états généraux,
1788
Lettres d'un
bourgeois de New-Haven à un citoyen de Virginie, sur l'inutilité de partager le pouvoir
législatif entre plusieurs corps, 1788
Lettres d'un citoyen des Etats-Unis à un Français sur les affaires présentes,
1788
Plan de Constitution, 1788
Lettres d'un gentilhomme à messieurs du tiers état,
1789
Sur la forme des élections,
1789
Réflexions sur les affaires publiques par une société de citoyens,
1789
Réponse à l'adresse aux provinces,
1789
Lettre de M. de
Condorcet, à M. le comte Mathieu de Montmorency, député du bailliage de Montfort-l'Amaury,
1789
Seconde lettre de M. de
Condorcet, à M. le comte Mathieu de Montmorency, député du bailliage de
Montfort-l'Amaury, 1789
Réflexions sur ce qui été fait et sur ce qui reste à faire : lues dans une Société d'amis de la paix,
1789
Sur le choix des ministres,
1789
Sur la formation des communes,
1789
Sur l'étendue des pouvoirs de l'Assemblée nationale,
1790
Sur l'admission des femmes au droit de cité,
1790
Sur le préjugé qui suppose une contrariété d'intérêts entre Paris et les provinces,
1790
Aux amis de la liberté, sur les moyens d'en assurer la durée,
1790
Adresse à l'Assemblée
nationale, sur les conditions d'éligibilité, 1790
Des conventions nationales,
1791
Lettres d'un jeune mécanicien aux auteurs du Républicain,
1791
Révision des travaux de la première législature,
1791?
Opinion sur la nécessité d'une convocation extraordinaire des assemblées primaires en 1792,
1791?
Ce que c'est qu'un cultivateur ou un artisan français,
1792
Sur la liberté de la circulation des subsistances,
1792
De l'influence d'un monarque et d'une cour sur les moeurs d'un peuple libre,
1792
Sur la nécessité de l'union entre les citoyens,
1792
La République française aux hommes libres,
1792?
Réflexions sur la Révolution de 1688, et sur celle du 10 août 1792,
1792?
De la nature des pouvoirs politiques dans une nation libre,
1792
Sur la nécessité d'établir en France une Constitution nouvelle,
1793
Ce que les citoyens ont droit d'attendre de leurs représentans,
1793
Sur les élections,
1793*
Sur le sens du mot "révolutionnaire" : 1er juin 1793 / [par
Condorcet] ; [publ. par A. Condorcet
O'Connor,... et M. F. Arago,...]
Ajouter à votre sélection
Lettre de Condorcet à la Convention nationale,
1793?
Fragment de justification,
1793
Sur l'instruction publique, 1791-2
Sur le sens du mot Révolutionnaire, 1793
Tableau général de la science qui a pour objet l'application
du calcul aux sciences politiques et morales, 1793.
Dissertation philosophique et politique, ou Réflexions sur cette question "S'il est utile aux hommes d'être
trompés", 179?
Esquisse
d'un tableau historique des progrès de l'esprit humain. 1795 (copy)
Observations
de Condorcet sur le vingt-neuvième livre de "L’esprit des lois",
1819 (text)
Pascal,
1893
Sur la nécessité de faire ratifier la Constitution par les citoyens et sur la formation des communautés de
campagne, 179?
Idées sur le
despotisme, à l'usage de ceux qui prononcent ce mot sans l'entendre,
17??
Réflexions sur le pouvoir et instructions à donner par les provinces à leurs députés aux états généraux,
17??
Sur l'institution d'un conseil électif,
17??
Resources on Condorcet
"Les entreprises où les hommes s'exposent à une
perte, dans la vue d'un profit, Condorcet et l'héritage de d'Alembert,"
by Nicolas Rieucau, 1998, Revue Economique
"Défaillance instrumentale et défiance généralisée : les réflexions de Condorcet sur les
assignats dans le débat de 1790", by Nicolas Rieucau, 1996, Dix-Huitième Siècle.
Condorcet
Page at CHPE (McMaster
mirror)
Biography
of Condorcet at CHPE (McMaster
mirror)
Condorcet
Bibliography (McMaster
mirror)
Condorcet
Page at Gallica
Condorcet
Page at Matematicians at MacTutor
Condorcet Page in
Holland
Condorcet Paradox at
Nottingham
Condorcet
Page at Akamac
Home
Alphabetical Index
Schools of Thought
Surveys and Essays
Web Links
References
Contact
Frames
|
|
