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| essay on Ernesto 'Che' GuevaraErnesto "Che" Guevara History reveals that there are many people who are considered heros becauseof their benevolent contribution to the world. Che Guevara was one of these heroicfigures who dedicated his life to revolutionizing countries, aiming to establish equalityfor all. Did Che make an impact on the world? By examining Che's early life, hisinvolvement in the Cuban revolution, his involvements in other revolutions, and hislegacy today, it will be proved that Ernesto "Che" Guevara made a large impact on theworld. Ernesto "Che" Guevara was born in Rosario, Argentina on May 14, 1928. TheGuevara family was considered middle class even though they did not have too muchmoney. Most of the money that they possessed was passed down to them by theirparents and other relatives. Che's father had lost a large amount of the inheritancethrough failed businesses in which he became involved including a ship factory thatwas later destroyed by fire, and a farm that grew yerba mate, which never succeededfinancially. At the age of two, Che developed severe asthma which would haunt him for therest of his life. Regularly he would need to be injected with adrenaline to help him copewith his grave attacks. Due to the fact that his asthma was so serious, Che was unableto attend school regularly, so his mother, Celia, taught him how to read and write athome. At an early age, Che was already reading sophisticated books and poems. Che's personality was also becoming more and more like his mother's. He had a lovefor danger and was becoming fearless. He was frequently involved in dangerous stuntsincluding tightrope-walking pipelines. Moreover, Che was becoming a show-off. "Hedeveloped a fiercely competitive personality, engaging in attention-getting high jinksthat confounded adults and awed his peers"1. In 1950, at the age of 22, Che was accepted into Buenos Aires University wherehe would study medicine. Che had become interested in medicine partly due to theasthma that troubled him frequently. During one of the holidays in his first year atuniversity, Che decided to travel around the northern part of Argentina on a motorizedbicycle. For the first time in his life, Che discovered that the wealthy area that he wasgrowing up in was not like the rest of Argentina. He discovered poverty and oppressioneverywhere he travelled. Che honourably said that he wanted his destiny to be linkedto helping these people; the average man. In 1952, accompanied by a good friend, Alberto Granado, Che departed againfor another trip, this time travelling around a number of Latin American countries. Onceagain Che was distressed by all of the poverty that surrounded him. In particular, hesaw how badly the Native Americans were treated. Che also noticed the imperialism ofthe United States, and their neocolonial exploitation of the Latin American countries.His ever expanding hatred of the United States was beginning to erupt. Finally endingup in Venezuela, Che returned back home while his friend decided to stay and work ata leper colony. Che had promised to meet up with him the following year after hegraduated from the university, but for the better, he never ended up doing so. In 1953, Che graduated from Buenos Aires University and quickly made plans totravel back to Venezuela to meet up once again with his friend. Alberto. But Che neverended up meeting Alberto in Venezuela again, for he got side tracked, and headed toGuatemala, where a social revolution was taking place. It was in Guatemala that Chefirst became interested in politics as he mingled with a number of political exiles andstarting reading up Marxism and Leninism. Che was supporting the Arbenz regimewhich was fighting against the CIA-backed Castillo rebels. He took an interest inarmed battle, and signed up to fight, but was called to work in the hospital instead dueto the fact that he was a doctor. In June 1952, the Arbenz regime was beaten. and Chefled to Mexico with the other political exiles in fear of being jailed in Guatemala. In July of 1955, Che met Fidel and Raul Castro. Fidel informed him about hisplans to invade Cuba. Immediately Che became interested in Fidel's plot to overthrowthe corrupt Batista dictatorship, and talked his way into becoming the doctor for thesmall rebel army. This would be Che's first real chance to fight for the average manand against imperialism in his quest for equality. Che began military training, and eventhough his asthma was still acting up, he excelled in the exercises and drills. OnNovember 25, 1965, the 62 armed rebels left Mexico on a small boat named theGranma, heading to the shores of Cuba. Upon setting foot on Cuba, the rebels were attacked, wiping out most of theteam and separating the rest. Fifteen guerillas including Che, Fidel and Raul, met upin the Sierra Maestra mountain range with only nine weapons. In retrospect, it isincredible that such a small group lead a successful revolution taking back Cuba fromthe Batista regime. During the initial part of the revolution, Che showed courage and fearlessnessas he participated in the first battles putting his life on the line, and fighting for what hebelieved in. Che also attended to his job as the medical doctor, and aided manyinjured rebels. The other guerrilla's, including Fidel, noticed Che's huge effort in therevolutionary struggle, and in June 1957, he was named Commander of the secondcolumn, second-in-command next to Fidel Castro. As Commander, Che was very strict and expected a great deal of effort from hissoldiers. He was known to order executions and other severe punishments for traitorsand those who didn't obey orders. But Che also cared for his fellow rebels. He helped teach some how to read and write, and introduced them to Cuban history and Marxism. Che was very respected among his column because he never took advantage of thefact that he was in charge. He had the same privileges as any of the others. As thesupport for the rebels was expanding, word spread amongst the peasants in Cubaabout the heroic figure known as "Che", the foreigner who had a major role in therevolution taking place. Batista and the CIA hated all the support for Che, and theydubbed him as "a murderer for hire, a pathological criminal..a mercenary, who lent hisservices to international communism, that he used terrorist methods and that hesocialized [brainwashed] the women and took away their sons.."2 to try and scare thepeople. During the revolution, Che came to the conclusion that armed struggle andviolence, was the only way to win a revolution. He believed that hatred was necessaryif one wanted to be successful in a revolution. "Hatred is an element of struggle,relentless hatred of the enemy that impels us over and beyond the natural limitations ofman and transforms us into effective, violent, selective and cold killing machines. Oursoldiers must be thus; a people without hatred cannot vanquish a brutal enemy"3. In 1958, Che was ordered by Fidel to expand the revolution into Central Cuba. This was not an easy task, but if he and his fellow guerillas succeeded, the revolutionwould surely be won. Che lead his column into the province of Las Villas where theywiped out the defending army. On December 29, 365 guerillas lead by Che took on3500 soldiers in Santa Clara, one of Cuba's largest cities. This was one of the mostimportant battles in the revolution, for if the guerillas came up on top, the revolutionwould be won. In a mere three days, the rebels overtook the city. On December 31,Batista and his family fled Cuba. The revolution had been won. On January 2, 1959,Che and the other revolutionaries entered Havana celebrating. During his stay in Cuba, Che held a number of high-ranking positions in thegovernment. In October, He became head of the Industry Department in the ARNI. Hisgoals were to pay off the cost of the revolution. On November 23, Che introduced thefirst "day of voluntary labour" in Cuba where people would voluntarily work for one day. Soon after this, Che introduced his "New Man" theory which stated that people shouldwork for altruistic reasons rather than for money. Che was becoming more and morelike the "new man". He volunteered at the Academic Militar-Cultural in La Cabanawhere he taught basic literacy, political awareness, history and geography. InNovember of 1959, Che became president of the National Bank, and in February hewas named Minister of Industry. In all of the jobs that Che held in Cuba, his goal wasto reorient the country to socialism. In a speech called "Social Projections of the RebelArmy" he talked about the need to nationalize Cuba's resources and industry. Che alsocalled for the need to industrialize Cuba rather than focussing on sugar cane. Che alsotravelled around the Communist Block, including China, Czechoslovakia and theUSSR, as part of a commercial delegation. In April of 1965 Fidel received a letter fromChe denouncing his position in the government and his Cuban citizenship. He wrote: "Iformally renounce my position in the national leadership of the party, my post asminister, my rank as major and my Cuban Citizenship...other nations of the world callfor my modest efforts". Che disappeared from the public eye for two years after he denounced hispositions in the Cuban government. In 1965 he secretly had conferences with ahundred comrades in Cuba who would participate in the revolution that was going on inthe Congo. In the Congo things did not turn out as Che had wanted them to. He didnot feel that the rebels were good enough fighters and not inspired enough to gothrough with the revolution. In general, the rebels lacked discipline and there was notenough unity between the soldiers like there had been during the Cuban revolution. Heleft the Congo with his remaining Cuban comrades in March of 1966. Che had a plan to revolutionize Bolivia, which would then be the central base forhis guerilla force. He and his fellow guerillas would then expand and revolutionize thewhole South American continent. On November 3, 1966, Che arrived in Boliviadisguised as a businessman. In Bolivia, the revolution wasn't going as planned forseveral. The first was that the revolutionaries could not get the support from thepeasants. Secondly, the United States was sending in weapons and trained anti-guerilla fighters. On October 8, 1967, Che and his column were ambushed andcaptured. The next day, Che was executed. The order came from Lyndon B. Johnson,the President of the USA. Today, Ernesto "Che" Guevara is, for many, "a symbol of hope and faith"4. Cheis remembered for his selfless contribution to the world. He is remembered for fightingfor the average man, and against imperialism. Partly because of the discovery of Che's remains found in 1997, interest in Chesteadily grows as does the influx of new biographies, films, and conferences about him. Che image is now being used to sell products such as clothing, posters, and touristmerchandise. One of Che's last statements before he was executed was: "I know you've cometo kill me. Shoot coward, you are only killing one man"5. Che knew that there wouldalways be people like him who would fight for what they believed in, and he hasinspired many people around the world to do so. Che Guevara's life revolved around fighting for the well-being of others. Afterexamining Che's early life, his involvement in the Cuban revolution, his involvements inother revolutions, and his legacy today, it is clear that Ernesto "Che" Guevara hasmade a large impact on the world. Individuals such as Che Guevara, who revoltagainst the higher power to aid people who are less fortunate, are true heros who willbecome legends for present and future generations. Che Lives! End Notes1.Jon Lee Anderson; "Che Guevara: A revolutionary life"; 192. Ibid; 3063. Fringeware Inc; "FringeWare, Inc. - Bio: Ernesto 'Che' Guevara";http://www.fringeware.com/subcult/Ernesto_Che_Guevara.html4. Normal Stockwell; "The Capital Times- Che";http://www.geocities.com/Hollywood/8702/capital.html5.Che Guevara; "Che Quotes"; http://www2.trincoll.edu/~dkrook/chequote.htmlWant to learn some of the knowledge that Che used to survive in the wild? Check out Wilderness Survival. |
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