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Title: Ethnicity/African/African-American/History - African-Native Genealogy and History Celebrating the Estelusti ~ The Freedmen ~ Oklahoma's Black Indians of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole Nations.
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The African THE AFRICAN-NATIVE AMERICAN  HISTORY & GENEALOGY WEB PAGE Celebrating the Estelusti ~ The Freedmen Oklahoma's Black  Indians   Page Maintained by:  Angela Y. Walton-Raji, Author, Genealogist, Scholar memberlogo Engagement Calendar     Free Guestbook from Bravenet.com Free Guestbook from Bravenet.com   Abraham Cow Tom   Dosar Barkus Caesar Bruner Harry Island John Horse Silas Jefferson John A.Meyers   J.CoodyJohnson Sugar George ..........and all 20,000 Freedmen of Indian Territory and their hundreds of thousands of descendants! LATEST NEWS HEADLINES!!! (News Stories Below)   2009 Heritage Conference Announced   Calls for Papers-Scholarly Meetings and Historical Conferences and Journals     The African-Native American Message Board The first and longest running message board with focus on Indian Territory Freedmen   Organizations The Choctaw-Chickasaw Freedman Descendants Association of Oklahoma ********************* The Kansas Institute for African American  and Native American Family History-------- KIAANAFH        The Estelusti Foundation   Oklahoma Freedman Burial Sites   VOICES OF iNDIAN TERRITORY A SCHOLARLY JOURNAL PRESENTING LONG FORGOTTEN VOICES  OF iNDIAN tERRITORY fREEDMEN    Join the African Native-American Circle  ! Bi-weekly live online discussions pertaining to Black Indians Contents Introduction and History The Choctaw Freedmen  Resources Chickasaw Freedmen Resources Creek & Sem. Freedmen Resources History Black Indian Slave Narratives Culture and Traditions of Freedmen Freedmen Bibliography List of Freedmen Surnames Black Indians in the Civil War Letter of the Chickasaw Freedmen Burial Sites of Black Indians Old Agency Cemetery  African-Creek  Oklahoma Freedmen Towns  Unique Records for Black Indians   For Choctaw Nation Current News and Issues:  The Bishinik Documents Sample Freedman Documents Treaties Pertaining to Black Indians (The Treaty of 1866 was the document that finally released the African slaves from bondage of the tribes of Indian Territory. Having ignored the passage of the 13th Amendment to the United States Constitution, which ended slavery in the United States, the tribes, chose to embrace sovereignty to keep the slaves in bondage.  The treaty, signed in 1866 by the same tribes that had formed an alliance with the Southern Confederacy, to join in the fight with the South, finally released their slaves, from bondage.  Slavery had taken many forms during its hold in the tribes, and there were, at the same time, some free people of color who did live in the Territory before the release of the slaves. However, the institution did exist within these nations, and it was the treaty signed in Ft. Smith, Arkansas, that finally brought  and end to the last foothold of institutionalized slavery in North America. These are excerpts from those treaties signed in 1866.) Cherokee Treaty of 1866 Freeing the Slaves Choctaw-Chickasaw Treaty of 1866 Freeing the Slaves Creek Treaty of 1866 Freeing the Slaves Seminole Treaty of 1866 Other Significant African-Native Resources   Black Indians & Black Mexico   Tri-Racial Isolates of the Upper South   Tri-Racial Resources   Enrollment Information for  Cherokee Freedmen Descendants     Additional Oklahoma Sites Oklahoma Indian Pioneer Project -More Oklahoma Freedmen Links -Black Western Frontier Links -African American Genealogy Links -African American History Links -Oklahoma General Genealogy Links -Cherokee Nation General Links -Choctaw Nation General Links -Chickasaw Nation General Links -Creek Nation General Links -Seminole Nation General Links   FRONTIER FREEDMAN'S JOURNAL  INDEX - NOW ONLINE !! * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *   Current News Stories!!!!   Ruling in Creek Citizenship Case: Two African Americans Applying off Dawes Blood Rolls Lose Battle to Enroll in Muscogee Creek Nation   Cherokees Hire Former Black Caucus Director in Fight Against Black Cherokees   UPDATE: Black Caucus Convenes Panel on Cherokee Freedmen at Annual Conference Congressional Black Caucus Foundation Annual Conference to Feature Panel on Cherokee Freedmen Issues AKA Sorority Endorses HR 2824 in Response to Expulsion of Cherokee Freedmen US House of Representatives Disapproves of Cherokee Freedmen Expulsion United Keetoowah Band of Cherokees Issue Statement Supporting Cherokee Freedmen Ample Reason for Congress to Investigate the Activities of the Cherokee Nation! Cherokees Flee Moral High Ground First Supportive Editorial for Freedmen Appears in Writing from Native American Website Oklahoma NAACP Responds to Jim Crow Practices of Cherokee Nation. Congresswoman Visits Oklahoma, Amid Verbal Protests from Cherokees, to Justify Expulsion of Black Citizens  Congressional Committee Votes to Cut Funds to Cherokee Nation Congresswoman Watson Responds to Editorial Against Freedmen in Los Angeles Times Cherokee Election Keeps Current Chief in Office.   Congresswoman Watson Introduces Bill to Halt Funding to Cherokee Nation. Citizenship for Cherokee Freedmen Temporarily Restored so that Election will not be Declared Illegal Court Order Releases Names of 2800 Cherokee Freedmen to Attorney Cherokee Nation Continues Struggle to Remove  Descendants of Their Slaves in Response to BIA Letter  Letter to Cherokee Nation from Dept. of Interior New Ruling from BIA: Cherokee 2003Amendment Invalid. New Implications in Freedmen Case!         2nd Protest in Tulsa in Support of Freedmen                     Cherokee Freedmen Protest in Tulsa Oklahoma   Solidarity With Cherokee Freedmen Shown in March Against BIA Office in Muskogee  *************** Choctaw-Chickasaw Freedmen Submit Resolution to Democratic Party on Behalf of Freedmen *************** Freedmen Vow to Fight Back Illegal Expulsion from Tribe *************** Black Caucus Responds to Petitions Submitted by Choctaw Freedmen! *************** Choctaw -Chickasaw Freedmen Send Petition to Congressional Black Caucus ***************   Older News Articles about Oklahoma Freedmen   Cherokee Leader Admits Freedmen Case Not Winnable Blames Situation on Principal Chief Smith   Reflections on Recent Indigenous Studies Conference   National Congress of Black Women Inc. Objects to Disenfranchisement of Black Indians   Cherokee Nation Expels Descendants of their Former Slaves ************* Freedmen Issues Discussed on Nightwolf Radio Broadcast *********** Preliminary Injunction Filed to Halt Disenrollment Election *********** Judge Rules Cherokee Freedmen can sue Cherokee Nation *********** USA Today: Native American?  The Tribe Says No *********** Freedmen Supporters Question Chief's Power to Call for Vote Against the Freedmen ********** Cherokee Employee Describes Freedmen in Tribe as a Need for Tribal Members to "Protect Their Daughters"  ********** Cherokee Councilman Says Freedmen Can Find His Meetings on the Internet! The MeetingsPertain to Their Removal from the Tribe ********** Oklahoma Freedman Status in Limbo  * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * KOTV Coverage of Freedman Struggle to Remain in Cherokee Nation* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *Freedman Association President Sends Letter to Tribal Council* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *Effort to Remove Freedmen from Cherokee Nation, Officially on Agenda * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *Oklahoma Representatives Address Cherokee Chief Chad Smith Regarding Efforts to Remove Black Cherokees from the Nation. * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *The Ruling in the Creek Nation - Full Transcription* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Black Creeks File Applications after Ruling in Courts* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * *New Ruling from Muscogee (Creek) Court: Two Black Creeks May Re-Apply for Citizenship* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Efforts Underway to Expel Black Cherokees after their Victory in Cherokee Courts * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Cherokee Freedmen Win Suit in Cherokee Nation!!!! Older Articles Black Indians in the News       An Opinion: Justice for All?  Why not in Indian Country?   Additional Native American Genealogical Links   Black Indian Dialogue: National Congress of American Indians Fall 2000                  National Native News - Daily  Sign My Guestbook    View My Guestbook __________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ AfriGeneas.com ________________________________________________________________________  
 

Celebrating

the

Estelusti

~

The

Freedmen

~

Oklahoma's

Black

Indians

of

the

Cherokee,

Chickasaw,

Choctaw,

Creek,

and

Seminole

Nations.

http://www.african-nativeamerican.com/

African-Native Genealogy and History 2008 August

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Celebrating the Estelusti ~ The Freedmen ~ Oklahoma's Black Indians of the Cherokee, Chickasaw, Choctaw, Creek, and Seminole Nations.

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