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Title: History/By Region/North America/United States/Wars/Civil War/Memoirs - William H. Johnson Civil War Letters Letters of Union soldier William H. Johnson, a sergeant in Co. E, Seventh Connecticut Volunteers. Links to other manuscripts collections.
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William H. Johnson Civil War Letters SOUTH CAROLINIANA LIBRARYUNIVERSITY SOUTH CAROLINIANA SOCIETYMANUSCRIPTS COLLECTIONSWilliam H. Johnson Civil War LettersTwenty-eight letters, 1861-1863, of Union soldier William H.
Johnson, a sergeant in Co. E, Seventh Connecticut Volunteers, originated
from various locations in coastal South Carolina and Georgia and were
sent home to his wife, Hannah J. Johnson. South Carolina places
represented include Daufuskie Island, Beaufort, Hilton Head Island,
James Island, and Morris Island.
Over the course of two years of war, Johnson remained optimistic
about the final outcome of the conflict. Writing from Daufuskie Island
on 26 January [18]62, he predicted a speedy end to hostilities—"There
doesn't seem to be any doubt as to the result of the pending
engagement—and if we are successful it is the opinion of a good many
that the war can't last long....It is my opinion if we do not lick the
Rebels in 6 months more the difficulty will be settled either by
ourselves or the interventions of foreign powers. In either case we
should probably return home—if the former—in peace, and if the latter,
for home protection."
By January 1862 the Union army stationed along coastal South
Carolina turned its attention southward to Savannah and Ft. Pulaski.
Johnson's letter of 17 January [18]62 reports on efforts to clear
obstructions from a waterway near the fortifications—"a Machine was
rigged for sawing of[f] the spiles close to the mud in fifteen feet of
water we sawed of[f] twenty two in three nights and raised the hulk in
three more the way is now clear for our Gun Boats." When he wrote next
on 20 April [18]62, Ft. Pulaski had fallen into Union hands and Johnson
was billeted there. "I see eve[r]y sign of the war ending [and] I think
that the fighting will all be done within two months," he suggested, but
"how long we shall have to stay after the rebellion is crushed I cannot
tell." Johnson remained at Ft. Pulaski for several weeks. "I expect to
be at home as soon as the 1st of August if not before," he wrote on 15
May [18]62, "and if all of the rumors are true that we hear it will be
before that...." "I sup[p]ose that you have seen the cuts of the Fort,"
Johnson continued. "Leslies paper of the 10th has a good representation
of the interior of the Fort as it looked when we came in you will find
me when in quarters just inside the door over the left hand corner of
the furnace for heating shot where I am at present writing."
In addition to talk of war, Johnson's letters discuss the health of
the troops, convey business advice, and express his love for daughters
Mary and Lillian. While in the army, he earned extra money by
speculating on watches, chewing tobacco, cigars, and other goods
forwarded to him by family and friends at the North. Writing from Ft.
Pulaski on 19 May [18]62, he suggested—"I could sell three thousand
Cigars and three or four Gross of Chewing Tobacco in two days for cash
and make from 40 to 50 dollars on it....I am glad that the watches are a
coming as I think I can dispose of them to good advantage."
From Pulaski, Johnson was relocated to South Carolina, first to
Christ Church Parish, then to James Island. From the latter spot, he
penned a letter, 11 June 1862, telling of preparations for a fight—"a
part of this Island commands Sumter and Charleston and the rebbels
learning a lesson by the taking of Pulaski have determind to defend the
Island their force as near as I can learn is about 15 thousand ours is
not as much at present but troops are ariving eve[r]y day and before we
make the at[t]ack our force will be as large or larger than theirs when
with the aid of our Gun Boats we ought to lick them easy and
anxious...as I am to get home I want to be one to help in the
subgugation of Fort Sumter and the City of Charleston the very heart and
core of seceshdom and then Oh how glad I shall be to return to my dear
little family once more." The anticipated fight, known as the battle of
Secessionville or Ft. Johnson, took place on 16 June 1862, and Johnson's
letter of that date speaks of the Union defeat, explains that he had not
actively participated but had served as orderly attending to the
wounded, and reports on casualties.
By July 1862, Johnson was located near Regimental Headquarters on
Hilton Head Island, where sickness had begun to take its toll. One
letter, 27 July [18]62, tells of the death of company commander Capt.
Palmer, on 7 July 1862, while another, 14 September [18]62, mentions
common curatives—"red pepper is one of the best things in this climate
that a man can use as it tends to keep of[f] fever and ague I think that
with summer Pills for Diarrhea Blue Pills for Jaundice Cayenne for fever
and good care a man can get along in almost any climate." A 6 August
1862 letter comments on changes at Hilton Head since Connecticut troops
landed there in the autumn of 1861—"a great many buildings have been put
up one Hotel two or three eating houses Post Office Express Office
Transportation Office and so on it is quite a buisness place we have a
chance to buy almost any thing we want"—and responds to inquiries from
Johnson's wife—"you have asked me a number of times if I wrote in my
diary I have not written in it for a great while for the reason that it
is all smashed up it has been wet through a number of times and nearly
ruined I have it yet and as soon as I can get another one to suit me I
shall get it and copy off the old one and write some more in the new one
it is almost impossible in camp life to keep such things safe."
In October 1862, Johnson went with an expeditionary force to capture
a Confederate battery on St. John's Bluff on the banks of the St. John's
River between Mayport and Jacksonville. Thanksgiving, however, found
him at Camp Palmer, near Beaufort, from where he wrote, 30 November
[18]62—"I spent the day very pleasantly as we had the day to ourselfs
and got up quite a dinner...we had Chicken stuffed and baked roast pig
pies Oysters apples good Coffee and Tea so you see we had quite a feast
and after dinner we had lots of fun of all descriptions sack races being
the most prominent." In the same letter Johnson expresses hope that
"Genl Burnside will do more the next four months than McClellan has the
whole time" and then retorts—"if he does not he will not do much."
A 12 January 1863 letter indicates that Johnson's company expected
to relocate to Fernandina, Fla. There is no further indication whether
the Union troops wintered in Florida, but by 15 September 1863, the date
of his final letter, Johnson was at Morris Island. The bombardment,
which he likened to "a thousand New Haven Fourth of Julys each day and
night," had been continuous, yet he anticipated several more weeks of
fighting before Charleston would fall. | 1995 Manuscripts Collections | 1995 USCS Program Menu | South Caroliniana Library | This page copyright © 1996-97, The Board of Trustees of the University of South Carolina. URL http://www.sc.edu/library/socar/uscs/1995/whjohn95.html |
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Letters | of | Union | soldier | William | H. | Johnson, | a | sergeant | in | Co. | E, | Seventh | Connecticut | Volunteers. | Links | to | other | manuscripts | collections. |
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http://www.sc.edu/library/socar/uscs/1995/whjohn95.html
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