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Our Godless Constitution google.load("jquery", "1.2.3"); GS_googleAddAdSenseService("ca-pub-7565666144516430"); GS_googleEnableAllServices(); GA_googleAddAttr("time", "2005-02-03 14:29:09"); GA_googleAddAttr("chapter", "1"); GA_googleAddAttr("issue", "20050221"); GA_googleAddAttr("dtype", "article"); GA_googleAddAttr("kind", "us_politics_government"); GA_googleAddAttr("subtype", ""); GA_googleAddAttr("href", "/doc/20050221/allen"); GA_googleAddAttr("slug", "allen"); GA_googleAddAttr("blurb", "The faith of our Founding Fathers definitely wasnt Christianity."); GA_googleAddAttr("s_title", "Our Godless Constitution"); GA_googleAddAttr("numchaps", "3"); GA_googleAddAttr("byline", "Brooke Allen"); GA_googleAddAttr("origin", "print"); GA_googleAddAttr("subtitle", ""); GA_googleAddAttr("title", "Our Godless Constitution"); GA_googleAddAttr("type", "Article"); GA_googleAddAttr("privilege", "free"); GA_googleAddAttr("l_title", "Our Godless Constitution (Page 1)"); GA_googleAddAttr("alt_type", ""); GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-7565666144516430", "us_politics_government_ATFboard_728x90"); GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-7565666144516430", "us_politics_government_ATFRectangle_300x250"); GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-7565666144516430", "us_politics_government_ATFHalfPage_300x600"); GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-7565666144516430", "us_politics_government_ATFSky_160x600"); GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-7565666144516430", "us_politics_government_BottomRectangle_300x250"); GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-7565666144516430", "us_politics_government_Bottom_Adsense_650"); GA_googleAddSlot("ca-pub-7565666144516430","Pop_under_1x1"); GA_googleUseSyncSRARendering(); GA_googleFetchAds(); SubscribeDonateHelpAdvertiseRegisterLoginSearch for:Search in:2003 - present1865 - 2002 archivesUsername Password Remember? HomeBlogsBooks & The ArtsWeb LettersVideoPodcastsEmail NationNation AssociatesNation CruiseNation MartNation Classroom GA_googleFillSlot("us_politics_government_ATFboard_728x90"); The NationUS Politics & GovernmentOur Godless ConstitutionBy Brooke AllenThis article appeared in the February 21, 2005 edition of The Nation.February 3, 2005var EmailArticleWindow; function email_article_popup (uri) { if (!uri) { uri = window.location; } var url = '/email/email.mhtml?i=20050221&s=allen&type=article'; if ((EmailArticleWindow) && (EmailArticleWindow.closed != true)) { EmailArticleWindow.location.href = url; } else { EmailArticleWindow = window.open(url,'EmailArticleWindow',"scrollbars=1,resizable=1,height=450,width=520"); } }EmailPrintSingle PageSharethe_nation242:http://www.thenation.com/doc/20050221/allen Buzzflash del.icio.us Digg Facebook All Ye Unfaithful  Presidential Election 2008 Ronald Aronson: Pursuing religious voters, Republicans and Democrats overlook the importance of the constituency of nonbelievers. Preaching to the Choir Religion Sarah Posner: Led by Obama, Democrats are making a bid for evangelical voters. Lost cause or holy grail? Looking Backward History Steve Fraser: As America's second Gilded Age fissions around us, we can sense the zeitgeist shift. Are we staring into the abyss of 1929 or heading for a new New Deal? The Communist Manifesto Turns 160 History Barbara Ehrenreich: As Karl Marx's opus marks a big birthday, capitalism seems willing to mark the occasion by dropping dead. America Needs a New New Deal U.S. Economy Katrina vanden Heuvel & Eric Schlosser: We should apply FDR's principles of relief, reform and reconstruction to our current financial crisis. Archive: Bearing Witness in Mississippi History Erica Landau & Marissa Colon-Margolies: As the eyes of the nation are focused on the University of Mississippi for the presidential debate, The Nation archive yields insights on key events in Mississippi during the civil rights era. Wall Street and Washington U.S. Economy Steve Fraser: Washington's mission may, at this late date, be an even greater one than Roosevelt's New Deal faced.» MoreBush and the Ten Commandments Religion Brooke Allen & Patrick Doyle: No President in living memory is as overtly religious as George W. Bush. But just how well have the President and his henchmen kept the commandments?Our Godless Constitution US Politics & Government Brooke Allen: The faith of our Founding Fathers definitely wasn't Christianity.Most Read » Why I'd Be a Better VP than Sarah Palin » GOP Leaders: Challenge Palin's Competence » Voting the Fate of the Nation » The New Senate Majority? » McCain and W. » Sarah Palin's Extreme Sports » McCain and the POW Cover-up » McCain and the Meltdown » Civic Virtues » McCain's Kremlin TiesIssues »Our Constitution makes no mention whatever of God. The omission was too obvious to have been anything but deliberate, in spite of Alexander Hamilton's flippant responses when asked about it: According to one account, he said that the new nation was not in need of "foreign aid"; according to another, he simply said "we forgot." But as Hamilton's biographer Ron Chernow points out, Hamilton never forgot anything important.In the eighty-five essays that make up The Federalist, God is mentioned only twice (both times by Madison, who uses the word, as Gore Vidal has remarked, in the "only Heaven knows" sense). In the Declaration of Independence, He gets two brief nods: a reference to "the Laws of Nature and Nature's God," and the famous line about men being "endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights." More blatant official references to a deity date from long after the founding period: "In God We Trust" did not appear on our coinage until the Civil War, and "under God" was introduced into the Pledge of Allegiance during the McCarthy hysteria in 1954 [see Elisabeth Sifton, "The Battle Over the Pledge," April 5, 2004].In 1797 our government concluded a "Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the United States of America and the Bey and Subjects of Tripoli, or Barbary," now known simply as the Treaty of Tripoli. Article 11 of the treaty contains these words:As the Government of the United States...is not in any sense founded on the Christian religion--as it has in itself no character of enmity against the laws, religion, or tranquillity of Musselmen--and as the said States never have entered into any war or act of hostility against any Mehomitan nation, it is declared by the parties that no pretext arising from religious opinions shall ever produce an interruption of the harmony existing between the two countries.This document was endorsed by Secretary of State Timothy Pickering and President John Adams. It was then sent to the Senate for ratification; the vote was unanimous. It is worth pointing out that although this was the 339th time a recorded vote had been required by the Senate, it was only the third unanimous vote in the Senate's history. There is no record of debate or dissent. The text of the treaty was printed in full in the Philadelphia Gazette and in two New York papers, but there were no screams of outrage, as one might expect today. The Founding Fathers were not religious men, and they fought hard to erect, in Thomas Jefferson's words, "a wall of separation between church and state." John Adams opined that if they were not restrained by legal measures, Puritans--the fundamentalists of their day--would "whip and crop, and pillory and roast." The historical epoch had afforded these men ample opportunity to observe the corruption to which established priesthoods were liable, as well as "the impious presumption of legislators and rulers," as Jefferson wrote, "civil as well as ecclesiastical, who, being themselves but fallible and uninspired men, have assumed dominion over the faith of others, setting up their own opinions and modes of thinking as the only true and infallible, and as such endeavoring to impose them on others, hath established and maintained false religions over the greatest part of the world and through all time." PAGE123 Next »Get The Nation at home (and online!) for 75 cents a week!If you like this article, consider making a donation to The Nation.About Brooke AllenBrooke Allen is the author of two collections of essays, Twentieth-Century Attitudes and Artistic License: Three Centuries of Good Writing and Bad Behavior (Ivan R. Dee). more... 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