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For Beginners: Yoga Styles 
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 Choosing a Yoga StyleSherry RobertsNearly all yoga styles are rooted in hatha yoga, yoga’s physical disciplinethat focuses on developing control of the body through asanas or poses. InSanskrit, ha represents sun and tha represents moon. Hatharepresents the duality in life — yin and yang, masculine and feminine,darkness and light. It leads the way to balancing these opposing forces. It isthe yoga of physical well-being. While all yoga styles seek to balance the body, mind, and spirit, they goabout it in various ways. They may differ in how asanas are done and where theyfocus the attention (on mastering and holding the posture, on strict alignment,on breathing, on the flow of movement). Some will use props for the asanas;others will crank up the temperature in the room and go for the sweat. No styleis better than another; it is simple a matter of personal preference. Find ateacher that you can relate to and a style that furthers your own personalgrowth.More on stylesLiz Lark's book, Yogafor Life: Finding and Learning the Right Form of Yoga for Your Lifestyle, isa beautiful and useful addition to your yoga library. If you are wondering whatstyle fits you, this is the book for you. Lark goes into detail about thepractices of five yoga styles: viniyoga, Iyengar, astanga vinyasa, sivananda,and tantra. You'll get a good picture of what distinguishes a style, a bit aboutits history and philosophy, and what a typical practice entails (includingdetailed instructions and attractive photography of poses). After using thisguide for awhile, you begin to see not only the differences but how much thedifferent styles have in common.Here are brief descriptions of the most common types of yoga:Ananda: emphasis on meditationThis gentle yoga combines breath awareness, affirmations, and yoga posturesto move from body awareness through energy awareness to, finally, silent, innerawareness. The use of affirmations while in the asanas is a distinct feature ofananda yoga. This yoga style was developed by an American named Donald J.Walters, known as Swami Kriyananda. He devoted 45 years of his life to studyingthe teachings of Paramhansa Yogananda. Anusara: Heart-orientedFounded by John Friend in 1997, anusara yoga integrates the celebration ofthe heart, universal principles of alignment, and balanced energetic action inthe performance of asana. Anusara (pronounced ah-new-SAR-ah) means “followingyour heart.” In this school of yoga, each student’s abilities andlimitations are deeply respected and honored.Ashtanga: the Power of yogaFor those who want a serious workout, ashtanga yoga offers a fast-pacedseries of sequential poses beginning with sun salutations. Students move fromone posture to another in a continual flow and link movements to breath. Thisphysically demanding yoga was developed by K. Pattabhi Jois to build strength,flexibility, and stamina. Power yoga, made popular byBeryl Bender Birch, is based on ashtanga. Bikram: Turning up the heatBikram Choudhury, known as the yoga teacher to the stars, developed this hotyoga practice. Be prepared to sweat in this one. The bikram class turns up theroom temperature to anywhere from 85 degrees to 100 degrees. In this hot andsteamy environment, students perform, always in the same order, 26 posesdesigned to cleanse the body from the inside out. This is a vigorous workout.Integral: the healing power of relaxation This school of yoga is associated with two prominent figures: developer SwamiSatchidananda, the man who taught the crowds at Woodstock to chant “om” forpeace, and his student, Dr. Dean Ornish, who uses integral yoga as part of histreatment of heart patients. Integral yoga places almost as much emphasis onpranayama (control of breath) and meditation as it does on postures.Iyengar: Symmetry and alignmentB.K.S. Iyengar developed this yoga style, which stresses understanding thebody and how it works. Students focus on symmetry and alignment, using props —such as straps, blankets, wooden blocks, and chairs — to achieve postures.Each pose is held for a longer amount of time than in most other yoga styles.Teachers of this discipline must go through an intense, long, and rigoroustraining program.Kripalu: the yoga of consciousnessKripalu emphasizes proper breath, alignment, coordinating breath andmovement, and “honoring the wisdom of the body.” Developed by Yogi AmritDesai, kripalu takes the student through three stages beginning with the steadypractice of postures (stage one), then holding the postures longer anddeveloping concentration and inner awareness (stage two), and finallysurrendering to the body’s own wisdom (stage three). Ultimately kripalu leadsto the experience of meditation-in-motion — actually doing posturesspontaneously and unconsciously.Kundalini: Awakening energyOnce a guarded secret in India, kundalini yoga arrived in the West in 1969,when Sikh Yogi Bhajan challenged tradition and began to teach it publicly. Thispractice is designed to awaken kundalini energy, which is stored at the base ofthe spine and often depicted as a coiled snake. Kundalini mixes chanting,breathing practices, and yoga exercises. The emphasis is not on asana, butrather on chanting and breathing. Kundalini should always be taught by a teacherwho practices and understands this powerful yoga.Sivananda: encouraging a Healthy lifestyleSivananda yoga offers a gentle approach, which takes the student through thetwelve sun salutation postures and incorporates chanting, meditation, and deeprelaxation in each session. Teachers encourage students to embrace a healthylifestyle that includes a vegetarian diet and positive thinking with meditation.This style of yoga was founded by Swami Vishnu-devananda, who published in 1960one of the classics of yogic literature, The CompleteIllustrated Book of Yoga.Tantra: Sensual spirituality Perhaps the most misunderstood yoga style, tantra is not about sexual indulgence. Rather, it is about discovering and stimulating sensual spirituality. This yoga works with the highly charged kundalini energy and, therefore, should always be guided and taught by a teacher. Tantra teaches practitioners how to use this energy for sexual pleasure, for bringing joy and wholeness to everyday life, and for aiding in spiritual evolution. Tantra yoga includes visualization, chanting, asana, and strong breathing practices. Viniyoga: Gentle flow This gentle form of flow yoga places great emphasis on the breath and coordinating breath with movement. Viniyoga’s flowing movement or vinyasa is similar to ashtanga’s dynamic series of poses, but is performed at a greatly reduced pace and stress level. Poses and flows are chosen to suit the student’s abilities. It teaches the yoga student how to apply the tools of yoga — asana, chanting, pranayama (control of breath), and meditation — in individual practice. Developed by T.K.V. Desikachar, the son of Krishnamacharya (teacher to some of the great yoga instructors including Iyengar and Pattabhi Jois), viniyoga places less stress on joints and knees since postures are done with slightly bent knees. Viniyoga is considered excellent for beginners, and is increasingly being used in therapeutic environments. More resources: Smart Guide to Yoga is a good reference for choosinga type of yoga that works for you. Other sites with helpful information on yogastyles include YogaSite.   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