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Title: Religion and Spirituality/African/Diasporic/Vodou, Vodun, Voodoo - Profile of a Belief System -- Vodoun Introduction to Haitian Vodoun and New Orleans Voodoo by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance and the editors of the e-zine PorchNus.
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Profile of a Belief System -- Vodounhttp://members.aol.com/porchfour/beliefs/vodoun.htm - Beliefs - Vodoun Interfaith ReligionandBeliefsfor anInternetGeneration  porch12aPORCHNUS-- The E-Zine of The Front Porchtribars.gifProfile of a Belief System:  An Introduction to Vodounby Ontario Consultants on Religious Toleranceand the Editors of  PorchNusvodoun2.gifVodoun, also commonly (and often, pejoratively) called Voodoo or, more derisively, Hoodoo, originated among the Dahomean people of  West Africa.  The word Vodoun derives from vodu, meaning spirit or deity in the Fon language.  After centuries of church and governmental opposition, it has only recently received official sanction by the government of  present day Benin (formerly Dahomey).  The religion was exported with slaves to the Western Hemisphere and has flourished in the Caribbean country of  Haiti.  From there, Vodoun has migrated with Haitians to many other parts of the world, with particularly strong communities in New Orleans, Miami and New York City.  Vodoun is thought to have fifty million followers worldwide.      Vodoun shares numerous beliefs with the Ifa religion of  the Yoruba people of  southern Nigeria who, also as slaves, brought their religion to the New World where it is known today as Ifa, Yoruba Faith, Santeria and under other names.  To a much greater extent than was the case with Ifa, Vodoun evolved in Haiti to accomodate rituals and terminology found in the French Catholicism of the slave owners.  Most of  the slaves were actually baptized in the Catholic Church.  They applied the names of  Catholic saints to some of  their ancestral deities and incorporated Catholic statues, candles and holy relics into their rituals.      African-derived religions evolved somewhat differently in Jamaica, Trinidad, Cuba and Brazil. While, throughout the Caribbean region, one finds today many similarities of  belief structure and pantheons among these religions, Vodoun has many characteristics that make it stand apart from the others.  A highly malleable religion, Vodoun beliefs and practices can vary hugely from community to community in Haiti itself, where the religion is still widely practiced.Today, there are two virtually unrelated forms of  the religion: The actual religion, Vodoun practiced in Benin, Haiti, Dominican Republic and various centers in the US where Haitian refuges have settled.An evil, imaginary religion, which we will call Voodoo here.  It has been created for Hollywood movies.  It does not exist, except in the minds of  most non-Vodouns.An inaccurate and sensational book (S.  St.  John's Haiti or the Black Republic) was written in 1884.  It described Vodoun as a profoundly evil religion, and included lurid descriptions of human sacrifice, cannibalism, etc., some of  which had been extracted from Vodoun priests by torture.  This book caught the imagination of  people outside the West Indies, and was responsible for much of  the misunderstanding and fear that is present today.  Hollywood found this a rich source for Voodoo screen plays.  Horror movies began in the 1930's and continue today to misrepresent Vodoun.  It is only since the late 1950's that accurate studies by anthropologists have been published.Vodoun Beliefsvodoun1.gif      Vodoun, like Christianity, is a religion of  many sects.  Each group follows a different spiritual path and worships a slightly different pantheon of  spirits, called Loa (or Ioa).  The word means mystery in the Yoruba language.      There are hundreds of  minor spirits.  Those originating in Dahomey are called Rada; those who were added later are often deceased leaders in the New World and are called Petro.  Some of  these are:Agwe: spirit of  the sea                                                                Veve for Loa Papa LegbaAida Wedo: rainbow spiritAyza: protectorBaka: an evil spirit who takes the form of  an animalBaron Samedi: guardian of  the graveDambala (or Damballah-Wedo): serpent spiritErinle: spirit of  the forestsEzili (or Erzulie): female spirit of  loveMawu Lisa: spirit of  creationOgou Balanjo: spirit of  healingOgun (or Ogu Bodagris): spirit of  warOsun: spirit of  healing streamsSango (or Shango): spirit of  stormsYemanja: female spirit of  watersZaka (or Oko): spirit of  agricultureThere are a number of  points of  similarity between Roman Catholicism and Vodoun:Both believe in a supreme being.The Loa resemble Christian Saints, in that they were once people who led exceptional lives, and are usually given a single responsibility or special attribute.Both believe in an afterlife.Both have as the center point of  their ceremony a ritual sacrifice and consumption of  flesh and blood.Both believe in the existence of  invisible evil spirits or demons.Followers of  Vodoun believe that each person has a met tet (master of  the head) which corresponds to a Christian's patron saint.      Followers of  Vodoun believe that each person has a soul which is composed of  two parts: a gros bon ange or big guardian angel, and a ti bon ange or little guardian angel.  The latter leaves the body during sleep and when a person is possessed by a Loa during ritual.  There is concern that the ti bon ange can be damaged or captured by evil sorcery while it is free of  the body.Vodoun RitualsThe purpose of  rituals is to make contact with the spirit, to gain their favor by offering them animal sacrifices and gifts, to obtain help in the form of  more abundant food, higher standard of  living, and improved health.  Human and Loa depend upon each other; humans provide food and other materials; the Loa provide health, protection from evil spirits and good fortune.  Rituals are held to celebrate lucky events, to attempt to escape a run of  bad fortune, to celebrate a seasonal day associated with a Loa, for healing, at birth, marriage and death.      Vodoun priests can be male (houngan or hungan), or female (mambo).  A Vodoun temple is called a hounfour (or humfort).  At its center is a poteau-mitan a pole where the God and spirits communicate with the people.  An altar will be elaborately decorated with candles, pictures of Christian saints, symbolic items related to the Loa, etc.  Rituals consist of  some of  the following components:vodoun3.gifA feast before the main ceremony.Creation of  a veve, a pattern of  flour or cornmeal on the floor which is unique to the Loa for whom the ritual is to be conducted.Shaking a rattle and beating drums which have been                   Veve for Loa Papa Ogoucleansed and purified.Chanting.Dancing by the houngan and/or mambo and the hounsis (students studying Vodoun).  The dancing will typically build in intensity until one of  the dancers (usually a hounsis) becomes possessed by a Loa and falls.  His or her ti bon ange has left their body and the spirit has taken control.  The possessed dancer will behave as the Loa and is treated with respect and ceremony by the others present.Animal sacrifice; this may be a goat, sheep, chicken, or dog.  They are usually killed by slitting their throat; blood is collected in a vessel.  The possessed dancer may drink some of the blood.  The hunger of  the Loa is then believed to be satisfied.  The animal is usually cooked and eaten.Evil Sorcery      The houngan and mambos confine their activities to white magic which is used to bring good fortune and healing.  However caplatas (also known as bokors) perform acts of  evil sorcery or black magic, sometimes called left-handed Vodoun.  Rarely, a houngan will engage in such sorcery; a few alternate between white and dark magic.One belief unique to Vodoun is that a dead person can be revived after having been buried.  After resurrection, the zombie has no will of  their own, but remains under the control of  others.  In reality, a zombie is a living person who has never died, but is under the influence of  powerful drugs administered by an evil sorcerer. Although most Haitians believe in zombies, few have ever seen one.  There are a few recorded instances of  persons who have claimed to be zombies.      Sticking pins in voodoo dolls was once used as a method of  cursing an individual by some followers of  Vodoun in New Orleans; this practice continues occasionally in South America.  The practice became closely associated with Voodoo in the public mind because of  horror movies.For Additional Reading:Numerous websites with information about Vodoun and other African-derived religions are listed in African Religions at http://members.aol.com/porchfour/religion/african.htm  .Art Credits: Artwork and descriptions about Veves (including those depicted in this article) may be found at Vodoun Veves: http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/5319/veves.htm  .A website with a glossary of  Vodoun terms, descriptions of  songs and dances, and a list of Vodoun Loa with corresponding duties, colors and symbols is available at Vodoun Culture http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/5319  .   tribars.giftribars.gifUse "Back" to return to Previous Page or select another menu section:   Religions and Beliefs Website Menu  |  Scriptures Online  |  The Golden RuleInterfaith Dialogue Boardroom  |  Boardroom Topics Archive  |  The Fundie DictionaryAaron Hiller Memorial Library of Agnostic Opinion |  Greeting Cards OnlineAnti-Fundamentalism Efforts  |  E-mail to BPatter789
 

Introduction

to

Haitian

Vodoun

and

New

Orleans

Voodoo

by

Ontario

Consultants

on

Religious

Tolerance

and

the

editors

of

the

e-zine

PorchNus.

http://members.aol.com/porchfour/beliefs/vodoun.htm

Profile of a Belief System -- Vodoun 2008 August

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Introduction to Haitian Vodoun and New Orleans Voodoo by Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance and the editors of the e-zine PorchNus.

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