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Genealogy overview
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Article #1: Genealogy overview
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Genealogy overview
Genealogy sources
Genetic genealogy
Types of...
Genealogy is the study and tracing of
files for personal and family
family pedigrees. This involves the
information.
collection of the names of relatives,
Genetic Analysis
both living and deceased, and
With the discovery that a person's DNA
establishing the relationships between
contains information that has been passed
them based on primary, secondary and/or
down relatively unchanged from our
circumstantial evidence or documentation,
earliest ancestors, analysis of DNA has
thus building up a cohesive family tree.
begun to be used for genealogical
Genealogy is sometimes also referred to
research. There are two DNA types of
as family history, although these terms
particular interest. One is the
may be used distinctly: the former being
mitochondrial DNA which we all possess
the basic study of who is related to
and which is passed down with only minor
whom; the latter involving more "fleshing
mutations through the female line. The
out" of the lives and personal histories
other is the Y-chromosome, present only
of the individuals involved.
in males, which is passed down with only
In this article the terms genealogist,
minor mutations through the male line.
researcher, and family historian refer to
A genealogical DNA test allows for two
every participant, from the inexperienced
individuals to estimate the probability
hobbyist to the seasoned professional.
that they are (or are not) related within
Genealogists collect oral histories and
a certain time frame. Individual genetic
preserve family stories to discover
test results are being collected in
ancestors and living relatives.
various databases to match people
Genealogists also attempt to understand
descended from a relatively recent common
not just where and when people lived but
ancestor, for example see Molecular
also their lifestyle, biography, and
Genealogy Research Project. These tests
motivations. This often requires — or
are limited to either the direct male or
leads to — knowledge of antique law,
the direct female line.
old political boundaries, immigration
On a much longer time scale, genetic
trends, and historical social conditions.
methods are being used to trace human
Genealogists and family historians often
migratory patterns and to determine
join a Family History Society where
biogeographical and ethnic origin. The
novices can learn from more experienced
results can be used to place people
researchers, and everyone benefits from
within ancient ancestral groups, for
shared knowledge.
example see The Genographic Project.
Even an unsuccessful search for ancestors
Participation in all such projects is, of
leads to a better understanding of
course, voluntary.
history. The search for living relatives
In a related development, non-genetic
often leads to family reunions, both of
mathematical models of ancestry have been
distant cousins and of disrupted
devised to determine the approximate year
families. Genealogists sometimes help
when the most recent common ancestor of
reunite families separated by war,
all living humans existed.
immigration, foster homes and adoption.
Sharing data among researchers
The genealogist can help keep family
Data sharing among genealogical
traditions alive or reveal family
researchers has grown to be a major use
secrets.
of the Internet. Most genealogy software
In its original form, genealogy was
programs can output information about
mainly concerned with the ancestry of
persons and their relationships in GEDCOM
rulers and nobles, often arguing or
format, so it can be shared with other
demonstrating the legitimacy of claims to
genealogists by e-mail and Internet
wealth and power. The term often
forums, added to an online database such
overlapped with heraldry, in which the
as GeneaNet, or converted into a family
ancestry of royalty was reflected in the
web site using online genealogical tools
quarterings of their coat of arms. Many
such as PhpGedView. Many genealogical
of the claimed ancestries are considered
software applications also facilitate the
by modern scholars to be fabrications,
sharing of information on CD-ROMs and
especially the claims of kings and
DVDs made on personal computers.
emperors who trace their ancestry to gods
One phenomenon over the last few years
or the founders of their civilization.
has been that of large genealogical
For example, the Anglo-Saxon chroniclers
databases going online and attracting
traced the ancestry of several English
such large flash crowds that the
kings back to the god Woden (the English
database's host server collapses, causing
version of the Norse god Odin). If these
service to be quickly suspended while
descents were true, Queen Elizabeth II
hurried upgrades are made to accommodate
would be a descendant of Woden, via the
the traffic load. This happened with
kings of Wessex. (See euhemerism.)
FamilySearch, the Commonwealth War Graves
In fiction, it is common to give a
Commission's database of war graves and
character a complicated fictional
in January 2002 with the much-anticipated
genealogy to make his or her background
British census for 1901.
more interesting. A picturesque one is
Volunteerism
the genealogy for Godwulf of Asgard.
Volunteer efforts figure prominently in
Modern research
genealogy. These efforts range from the
Genealogy, an extremely popular hobby,
extremely informal to the highly
received a big boost in the late 1970s
organized.
with the premiere of the television
On the informal side are the many popular
adaptation of Alex Haley's fictionalized
and useful message boards and mailing
account of his family line, Roots: The
lists regarding particular surnames,
Saga of an American Family. With the
regions, and other topics. These forums
advent of the Internet, the number of
can be used with great success to find
resources available to genealogists has
relatives, request record lookups, obtain
vastly increased; however, some of these
research advice, and much more.
sources must be treated with caution due
Many genealogists participate in loosely
to issues of accuracy.
organized projects, both online and off.
Research efforts can also focus on: types
These collaborations take numerous forms
of relationships among people such as
of which only a few are mentioned here.
kinship to a particular group, e.g. a
Some projects prepare name indexes for
Scottish clan; a particular surname such
records, such as probate cases, and often
as in a one-name study; a small
place the indexes online. Genealogists
community, e.g. a single village or
use the indexes as finding aids to locate
parish, such as in a one-place study; or
original records. Rather than index, some
a particular person such as Winston
projects transcribe or abstract records,
Churchill or Jesse James.
especially when genealogists may want to
LDS collections
search the records by something other
In the last century, the Church of Jesus
than surname. For example, a genealogist
Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) engaged
using the cluster genealogy research
in a large-scale program of copying all
technique might want to search records by
available records of genealogical value
land description. For this reason, deeds
onto microfilm. The project entailed the
are a good candidate for transcription.
compilation of the International
Offering record lookups is another common
Genealogical Index (IGI). The IGI
service, and projects are usually
contains information submitted by Mormon
organized by geographic area. Volunteers
researchers for vicarious ordinances,
such as RAOGK offer to do record lookups
records obtained from non-Mormon
in their area for researchers who are
contributors, and data taken from various
unable to travel.
birth or marriage records that Church
Those looking for a structured volunteer
members have microfilmed; in all, the IGI
environment can join one of thousands of
contains hundreds of millions of records
genealogical societies worldwide. Like
of individuals who lived between 1500 and
online forums, most societies have a
1900, primarily in the United States,
unique area of focus such as a particular
Canada and Europe. By making so many
surname, ethnicity, geographic area, or
resources available, the LDS Church has
descendency from participants in a given
helped contribute to the increasing
historical event. These societies are
interest in genealogy since the 1970s.
almost exclusively staffed by volunteers
Its information is available free or at a
and can offer a broad range of services.
nominal cost. Resources include the
It is common for genealogical societies
Family History Library in Salt Lake City,
to maintain a library for member's use,
Utah, and its 4,000+ branches (called
publish a newsletter, provide research
Family History Centers). In addition,
assistance to the public, offer classes
FamilySearch, an interactive internet
or seminars, and organize efforts such as
site, provides free access to extensive
cemetery transcribing projects.
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