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.htmbrp {color: #333333; text-decoration: none; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helv, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size : 11px;}.htmbrp:link {color: #0000ff; text-decoration: none; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helv, Helvetica, sans-serif}.htmbrp:visited {color: #800080;}.htmbrp:hover, .htmbrp:active {text-decoration: underline; }.htdirp { font-size : 12px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helv, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #333333;}.htdira:link { color: #3333CC; }.htdira:visited { color: #990099; }.htdira:hover { color: #0066FF; }.htdirh1 { font-size : 20px; font-family: Verdana, Arial, Helv, Helvetica, sans-serif; color: #333333; font-weight: bold}/* CSS for aol hat - to hide nav use header_nonav.css or use header_nohat.css to hide completely */div#aol_hat {min-width: 728px; font-size:11px; font-weight:bold; z-index:200; height:30px; margin-bottom:8px; background-color:#CFD9E3;}div#aol_hat form {margin:0; }div#aol_hat ul {float:left; padding:4px 0 0 2px; height:16px; margin:0;}div#aol_hat ul li {padding:0 5px 0 0 !important; border-right:solid 1px #2864B4; line-height:11px; display:inline;}div#aol_hat ul li a {height:12px; display:inline; padding-left:5px; }div#aol_hat_form {padding-top:7px; _padding-top:3px; font-weight:normal; font-size:10px;}div#aol_hat_form input.aol_hat_button {font-size:11px; margin-top:-2px; _margin-top:0px;}div#aol_hat_form input.aol_hat_search {margin-top:-2px; _margin-top:0px; }div#aol_hat ul {padding-top:9px;}#aol_hat ul li.aol_hat_last {border:none;}#aol_hat a {color:#2864B4; background-image:none; text-decoration:none;}#aol_hat a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}#aol_hat div div {height:20px; }#aol_hat_sns div {display:inline;}#aol_hat_sns {width:auto; float:right; height:16px; text-align:right; margin:0 8px 0 0; padding:8px 0 0 0; _padding:7px 0 0 0;}#aol_hat_sns a {text-decoration:none;}#aol_hat_form {width: 300px; float:left; padding:0 0 0 12px; color:#666666;}#aol_hat input.aol_hat_search {width: 118px; height:21px; border:solid 1px #56ba24; vertical-align: middle; margin-right: 2px;}#aol_hat input.aol_hat_button {-moz-border-radius:2.5px; border-radius:2.5px; cursor:pointer; width:59px; height:21px; border:solid 1px #58B926; background-color: #D4F4C5; filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=0,startColorStr=#FBFEF9,endColorStr=#BDEEA6); vertical-align: middle; font: 1.0em Tahoma,Arial,Sans-Serif;}#aol_hat input.aol_hat_button:hover {background-color:#83E839; filter:progid:filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=0,startColorStr=#F9FEF7,endColorStr=#7BED46);}#aol_hat input.aol_hat_button:active {background-color:#C6FFA9; filter:progid:DXImageTransform.Microsoft.Gradient(gradientType=0,startColorStr=#99E576,endColorStr=#F5FCF1);}#content {width:auto;}The Flag of the Ottawa Nation of Oklahoma if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf("AOL") == -1) { var sitedomain="hometown"; var siteState = "OrigUrl=" + location.href; var _sns_hostname_="my.screenname.aol.com"; // var _sns_hostname_ = "tweb33.web.aol.com"; // var _sns_hostport_ = "8000"; // var _sns_hostport_ssl_="8443"; document.write(''); _109778(); document.write('');} htmlAdWH('93212816', '728', '90');  Main _10423(); _11385(); The Flag of the Ottawa Nation of OklahomaThe Ottawa Nation of Oklahoma  The Ottawa lived along the shore of Georgia Bay in Canada when the French explorer Samuel deChamplain located them in 1615. A quarter-century later, pressured by the Iroquois (see IroquoisConfederation), the Ottawa moved to Green Bay in present-day Wisconsin from where they spreadinto northwestern Illinois and southern Wisconsin. Culturally, the Ottawa are Algonquian, theChippewa and Potawatomi being their closest tribal relatives. Although they lived in villages andplanted crops, the Ottawa were best known as traders, traversing the rivers of northeasternAmerica as well as the Great Lakes in their canoes and following the "Moccasin Trail" well intoFlorida. Their name, in fact, derives from the Algonquin "Adawa," meaning to trade or barter(Ref 1).Having supported the French in the French and Indian War of 1754-1763 (see Glossary), theOttawa -- under the commanding leadership of Chief Pontiac (see Glossary) -- organized strongresistance to the British power in the Great Lakes area. During the American Revolutionary War,the Ottawa sided with the British, but were able to control most of Ohio after the War. Increasingincursion by white settlers, however, forced the tribe to move steadily westward, first into Kansasand, by 1867, into a 12,000-acre (4,856 hectares) tract of land purchased from the United Statesin the northeastern corner of Indian Territory [Ted: glossary item] (present Oklahoma), wherethey remain to this day (Ref 1).The flag of the Ottawa reflects their history: The evergreen tree and grass knoll recall their originsin the Northeast Woodlands while the prominently displayed canoe alludes to their first-ranktrading skills and Algonquian name. These images are contained in the colorful seal centered onthe white background of their flag. Two black rings surround the central seal. Between them arethe words "OTTAWA TRIBE" curving oboe it and "OF OKLAHOMA" curving beneath, bothin black letters on a white background. The central disk has the motto "UNITED WE STAND DIVIDED WE FALL" curving to either side of a dark-green evergreen tree, symbolic of theTree of Life. The tree stands on a lighter-green grass knoll. To the right of the evergreen, is alight-brown war club with dark-brown lines and crisscrossing, a typical weapon the woodlandIndians used in hand-to-hand combat and hunting. Toward the lower end of the war club a black-and-white eagle's feather projects to the left, fastened to the club by a dark-brown strap.Since many of the Ottawa Indians of Oklahoma belong to the Otter (Negig) Clan, the animal isfeatured to the right of the Tree of Life, in dark brown with light-brown accents, looking towardthe hoist (left). The basic religion of the Ottawa is the otter skin or medicine-dance religion, asdescribed in a pamphlet supplied by tribesmember Claudean Epperson. This entire upper portionof the seal -- war club, evergreen, otter, grass knoll and motto -- appears against a light-blue sky.Beneath the knoll is a light-brown canoe with dark-brown trimmings and slats. It floats onmedium-blue water highlighted with a dark-blue wave and light-green lily pads. The waterrepresents the source of all life and is an important sacrament in all Indian religions. At the rightend of the canoe, on the grass knoll, stand a few cattails shown in dark brown with light-brownstems.Ref 1 -- Information provided by Margie Ross, Program Director at the Ottawa's Miami,Oklahoma, headquarters from materials in The Ottawa People, Joseph H. Cash and Gerald W.Wolff, Vol. 34, Indian Tribes Series.Historical note for Glossary Entry (Ted: relying on you to correct any dumb stuff)French and Indian War (1754-1763) -- This nine years' war, fought between France and GreatBritain for control over the vast colonial territory of North America, was the American phase ofthe Great War of the Empire -- a pivotal struggle between the two colonial powers, the Europeanphase of which (1756-1763) is known as the Seven Year's War. Sparked by the issue of controlover the upper Ohio River valley, the struggle ended with the 1763 Treaty of Paris, which haddramatic consequences for the history of the future United States: it established the hegemony ofEnglish culture over the heartland of North America. The Treaty forced France to cede all itsterritory on mainland North America east of the Mississippi River, including Canada, to GreatBritain. It also had permanent, and mostly nefarious, consequences for the Native tribes who hadfought alongside the losing French forces. (see Tunica-Biloxi, Ottawa, + ???)Ted While I'm at it, here's a couple more definitions for the glossary:Woodland (also Northeast Woodland) Indians -- Native Americans who lived or live on landsmarked by mountains, lakes, and forests that "reaches up to the southern portion of Canada andextends as far south as Kentucky in the Unites States. East to west, Woodland region stretchesfrom the coast of the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River. The forest continues a short distanceon the western side of the Mississippi, where it gradually gives way to the Tall Grass Plains."Indians of the Northeast, Lisa Sita, Michael Friedman Publishing Group, Inc, 1997, p. 9. Quotedby permission.Algonquian Languages -- One of two main North American Indian language families (the otheris the Iroquoian language family), with member languages spoken in New England, the Atlanticcoastline as far south as North Carolina, in the regions surrounding the Great Lakes, and westwardto the Rocky Mountains. Examples of Algonquian languages are: Ojibwa, Blackfoot, Cheyenne,Micmac, Arapaho, and Fox-Sauk-Kickapoo.Algonquin -- Any of a number of widely scattered Algonquian-speaking Native American bandsor tribes, such as the Chippewa (or Ojibwa), Lenape (or Delaware), Micamac, Mohegan, Ottawa,and the Pequot.Pontiac -- Ottawa Indian chief who became a great intertribal leader in an effort to stem theencroachment of British settlers on Native hunting grounds and ancestral lands. During Pontiac'sWar (1763-64), also known as the Great War of Indian Confederations, he organized a looseconfederacy with the Potawatomi and Ojibwa, besieging Detroit and capturing a series of fortifiedposts. Three years after concluding a peace treaty with the British in 1766, he was assassinatedby a Peoria Indian. The ensuing bitter war between the Ottawa and the Peoria almost led to theannihilation of the latter tribe. He remains the most famous and revered personality of the OttawaIndians.Indian Territory -- Originally defined as all territory of the United States west of the MississippiRiver but not within the states of Missouri, Louisiana, and Arkansas -- it soon became restrictedto the present state of Oklahoma. The Choctaw, Creek, Seminole, Cherokee, and Chickasawtribes were forcibly moved to this area between 1830 and 1843. Go on to the Passamaquoddy flag      Don Healy (Donh523@aol.com) 523 Centre St. Trenton, NJ 08611 |
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