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Title: Religion and Spirituality/Christianity/Denominations/Messianic Judaism - Dictionary of Messianic Terminology & Definitions Lists key vocabulary within Messianic Judaism as well as some of the "red flag" words used by gentile Christians. Presented by the Southern Nazarene University.
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Messianic terminology and definitions: A dictionary for communicating with Jews
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Dictionary of messianic terminology and definitions
 What's newTorah: God is shooting at usSharing faith Age of conversion Conversation openers Conversation starters Cultivating relationships Faith in something? Jewish evangelism Relational evangelism Testimony work sheet Writing your testimony10/40 WindowSearching for God's will?An African martyr's statement on commitmentMission trip fund raising10 ways to ruin mission tripsYouth in MissionWorld's Living Religions course resources Linking to me
A study in contextualization [ more ]
Language can both help and trick us in cross-cultural communication.
The following material is written in Messianic Jewish terminology and style. It shows us the challenges we "Christians" [ more ] face in cross-cultural communication with Jews.
This material is based on Return of the Remnant: The Rebirth of Messianic Judaism by Michael Schiffman. © 1992, Messianic Jewish Publishers. Used by permission. Available through Messianic Jewish Resources: www.messianicjewish.net.
Messianic terminology is used to express the biblical faith in the Messiah [ more ] because such terminology was how the New Covenant [ more ] faith was expressed in its earliest stages. Messianic believers like talking about their faith in the Messiah in a manner consistent with Jewish heritage and culture. Belief in the Messiah is consistent with being Jewish. He is the fulfillment of God's promises to Israel.
Using Messianic terminology imparts faith in Messiah to children, friends and family in a manner consistent with Jewish heritage. Messianic terms communicate biblical truth without the negative baggage of historical anti-Semitism.
Terms to use
Yeshua
Yeshua is the Messiah's name. Yeshua is a Hebrew word which has the root meaning salvation. "You shall call His name Yeshua [salvation]," a heavenly messenger said to Joseph, "because He shall save His people from their sins."
Transliterated into Greek as Iesous, (Ιησους) this word was spelled Jesus when it was imported into English. Messianic Jews use Yeshua instead of Jesus because Yeshua is the name He was called when He walked the earth.
Through the centuries Jewish people have suffered persecution "in the name of Jesus." Consequently, using the name "Jesus" brings to their minds hatred and anti-Semitism. On the other hand, the name Yeshua proclaims Messiah as a Jewish option for Jewish people, as well as for non-Jews.
Messiah
Messiah is used instead of Christ.Messiah is derived from the Hebrew word Mashiach (which means "anointed one"). Christ is the English equivalent of the Greek word christos, (which means "anointed one"). Jumping back over the Greek word to the use of the original Hebrew term is a way of emphasizing that the Messiah is for Jewish people and not exclusively for Gentiles.
A second reason for using this term is that -- as with the name Jesus -- thousands and thousands (perhaps millions) of Jewish people have been persecuted and killed by those claiming to act on behalf of Christ. To Jewish people, the word Christ is not simply a non-Jewish word out of the Greek language. "Christ" is a word that carries anti-Jewish connotations.
Believer
Instead of the term "Christian," messianic Jews use "believer." To Jewish people, Christians are the people who have hated and persecuted Jews for two millennia. While it can be argued that the word Christian is a biblical one, it is used only three times in the New Covenant Scriptures (Acts 1 1:26; 26:28; I Peter 4:16). An earlier term used for Yeshua's followers is "believer." Believer can be used for those in Messianic circles as well as for those in traditional churches who truly believe in Yeshua and seek to follow Him. By using the term believer, focus is placed on a person's commitment to follow the Lord and away from the excess baggage of those who have called themselves Christians but who did not walk as He walked.
Messianic
Messianic refers to believers involved in Messianic congregations, Jewish or Gentile. Messianic Jews are those in Messianic congregations who are of Jewish descent. Messianic refers to that expression of the biblical faith which articulates itself in a Jewish manner.
Congregation
Messianic congregations are not called churches. Jewish people often associate churches with anti-Semitism. In the past, and in some places today, anti-Semitism has come from those who profess to be believers, both from clergy and laity. Ecclesia refers to people and not to buildings. The term congregation has the same reference point. A synonym in the New Covenant for ecclesia is "synagogue" as it is used in James 2:1-6. There, it points to a meeting of believers. For this reason, the term congregation, or even synagogue, is the most appropriate one to describe organized gatherings of Messianic believers.
Covenant
This is a reference to testament in the sense of agreement or contract. Instead of saying Old Testament and New Testament, Messianic believers refer to the two halves of the Bible as Older Covenant, or Tenach (its Hebrew name) and Newer Covenant, or Brit Chadasha (Hebrew for New Covenant).
Tradition
Jewish cultural and religious practices, whether in their original forms or adapted to reflect Messianic beliefs.
Liturgy
Jewish liturgical elements in both Hebrew and/or English which may be part of a Messianic worship service.
In addition to the above terms, some Messianic believers substitute "-" for "o" in God and Lord, writing them as G-d and L-rd. This is a sign of respect in Jewish culture, just as many Gentile believers capitalize "G" in G-d and "L" in L-rd, even though there are no such capitalizations in the original texts of the Old and New Covenants.
Words and phrases to avoid
The following terms evoke historic anti-semitic images rather than reflecting a Jewish cultural expression. Therefore, most Messianic Jews do not use them.
Christian
Christian was first used to describe non-Jewish believers in Antioch (as recorded to the book of Acts). Although the word Christian is used only three times in the New Testament, it eventually wound up being the commonly used title for Gentile believers. After the disappearance of ancient Messianic Judaism, Christian emerged as the primary title for members of believing congregations. Over the centuries, the term also became associated with those who hate Jewish people and who have rejected everything Jewish. Since Christian was (1) never directly used of Jewish believers in scripture, and (2) carries a negative historical reminder of anti-Semitism, the term Messianic is used instead. This word identifies Jewish believers as followers of the Messiah without the negative overtones which "Christian" has accumulated. [ See Believer ]
Conversion
To most Jewish people, conversion means turning away from being Jewish in order to become a Gentile (see above). Biblically, of course, conversion refers to repentance (i.e., turning to God). To communicate this same idea, in Messianic circles a person is said to have become a believer, or has become Messianic.
Baptism
Messianic Jews speak of believer's immersion. That's because baptism evokes memories of the forced conversions and baptisms perpetrated against Jewish people by anti-Semites. Horrible things, including forced baptisms, were done in the name of Jesus. Baptism is a symbol of joining a Christian -- that is, non-Jewish -- church. So, when Messianic Jews talk about the immersion of believers, they call it Messianic Mikvah, an act with origins in ancient Jewish practice. Calling it Mikvah keeps the ritual from being linked to acts of anti-Semitism or other negative issues associated with the Christian Church. Saying Mikvah rather than baptism emphasizes the true Jewish roots of the faith and keeps this sacred act from being identified with people who have profaned the name of the Messiah by deeds contrary to His teaching.
Cross
To Jewish people, a cross calls up memories of persecution inflicted on them by people invoking Jesus' name and brandishing crosses. Jewish believers prefer to focus on the real meaning of the cross. Thus, they call the place where the Messiah was sacrificed as the altar or execution stake.
Years as A.D. and B.C.
Dates are cited with the initials C.E. for "Common Era" or B.C.E. for "Before the Common Era." Jewish people prefer these neutral phrases instead of B.C. and A.D. initial meaning "Before Christ" and "In the year of our Lord."
Messianic missions -- Further information
 Kehilat Rosh Pinah congregation, 3106 N. Utah, Oklahoma City, OK 73112 Telephone: 405-942-2889 [ click here ]
Television report on Messianic Jews in Israel
 Internet information on Jewish signs and symbols [ click here ]
Want to get college credit while on a missions trip?
 The SNU-sponsored trip to Mexico over the New Year's holiday can become the basis for earning credit hours. [ read more ]
SNU missions course materials and syllabi
Cultural Anthropology Introduction to Missions Linguistics Mexican Field Studies Missions Strategies Modern Missionary Movement (History of Missions) Nazarene Missions Church Growth and Christian Missions Theology of Missions Traditional Religions World Religions
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Howard Culbertson, Southern Nazarene University, 6729 NW 39th, Bethany, OK 73008 | Phone: 405-491-6693 - Fax: 405-491-6658Copyright © 2000, 2001 - Last Updated: June 9, 2008 | URL: http://home.snu.edu/~hculbert/yeshua.htm
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Lists | key | vocabulary | within | Messianic | Judaism | as | well | as | some | of | the | "red | flag" | words | used | by | gentile | Christians. | Presented | by | the | Southern | Nazarene | University. |
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http://home.snu.edu/~hculbert/Yeshua.htm
Dictionary of Messianic Terminology & Definitions 2008 October
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Lists key vocabulary within Messianic Judaism as well as some of the "red flag" words used by gentile Christians. Presented by the Southern Nazarene University.
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