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Mammon - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ Mammon From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For other uses, see Mammon (disambiguation).Mammon is a term, derived from the Christian Bible, used to describe material wealth or greed, most often personified as a deity.  1909 painting The Worship of Mammon by Evelyn De Morgan.Contents1 Definition2 Etymology3 Personifications4 Fiction5 See also6 References7 External links//[edit] DefinitionWebster's dictionary defines 'Mammon' as: 1) the false god of riches and avarice. 2) riches regarded as an object of worship and greedy pursuit; wealth as an evil, more or less personified.[1] Winston defines it to mean: 1) wealth, worldly gain; 2) greed for riches; cupidity.[2] Oxford defines: god of wealth, regarded as evil or immoral; 'those who worship mammon' = greedy people who value money too highly.[3]The word is used in contemporary language with the same meaning in at least Finnish (mammona), Danish (mammon), Dutch ("mammon"), Hebrew (mamon), Norwegian (mammon[4]) , Polish (mamona), Czech (mamon), Slovak (mamona), Swedish (mammon), German (Mammon), Afrikaans (Mammon) and Greek (Μαμμωνάς).[edit] EtymologyMammon is a term that was used to describe riches, avarice, and worldly gain in Biblical literature. It was personified as a false god in the New Testament. The term is often used to refer to excessive materialism or greed as a negative influence. Adjectival forms are mammonish and mammonistic[2] [1]Etymologically, the word is assumed to derive from Late Latin 'mammon', from Greek 'μαμμωνάς', Syrian 'mámóna' (riches), Aramaic 'mamon' (riches), probably from Mishnaic Hebrew 'ממון (mmôn)'.[2][1]The Greek word for "Mammon", mamonas, occurs in the Sermon on the Mount (during the discourse on ostentation) and in the parable of the Unjust Steward (Luke 16:9-13). The Authorised Version keeps the Syriac word. John Wycliffe uses "richessis".[edit] Personifications Mammon from Collin de Plancy's Dictionnaire Infernal“Lay not up for yourselves treasures upon earth, where moth and rust doth corrupt, and where thieves break through and steal: But lay up for yourselves treasures in heaven, where neither moth nor rust doth corrupt, and where thieves do not break through nor steal: For where your treasure is, there will your heart be also.No one can serve two masters, for either he will hate the one and love the other; or else he will be devoted to one and despise the other. You can't serve both God and Mammon”—Matthew 6:19-21,24In the Bible, Mammon is personified in Luke 16:13, and Matthew 6:24, the latter verse repeating Luke 16:13. In some translations, Luke 16:9 and Luke 16:11 also personify mammon; but in others, it is translated as 'dishonest wealth' or equivalent. In some Spanish versions, it is said as "Mamón", but in others, as "Dinero" (Spanish for "money").Early mentions of Mammon appear to stem from the personification in the Gospels, e.g. Didascalia, "Do solo Mammona cogitant, quorum Deus est sacculus"; and Saint Augustine, "Lucrum Punice Mammon dicitur" (Serm. on Mt., ii). Gregory of Nyssa also asserted that Mammon was another name for Beelzebub.During the Middle Ages, Mammon was commonly personified as the demon of avarice, richness and injustice. Thus Peter Lombard (II, dist. 6) says, "Riches are called by the name of a devil, namely Mammon, for Mammon is the name of a devil, by which name riches are called according to the Syrian tongue." Piers Plowman also regards Mammon as a deity. Nicholas de Lyra (commenting on the passage in Luke) says: "Mammon est nomen daemonis" (Mammon is the name of a demon).No trace, however, of any Syriac god of such a name exists, and the common literary identification of the name with a god of covetousness or avarice likely stems from Spenser's The Faerie Queene, where Mammon oversees a cave of worldly wealth. Milton's Paradise Lost describes a fallen angel who values earthly treasure over all other things.[5][6] Later occultist writings such as De Plancy's Dictionnaire Infernal describe Mammon as Hell's ambassador to England. For Thomas Carlyle in Past and Present, the 'Gospel of Mammonism' became simply a metaphoric personification for the materialist spirit of the nineteenth century.Mammon is somewhat similar to the Greek god Plutus, and the Roman Dis Pater, in his description, and it is likely that he was at some point based on them; especially since Plutus appears in The Divine Comedy as a wolf-like demon of wealth, wolves being associated with greed in the Middle Ages. Thomas Aquinas metaphorically described the sin of Avarice as "Mammon being carried up from Hell by a wolf, coming to inflame the human heart with Greed".[edit] FictionChrono Trigger - In the video game, a Mammon Machine is created by Queen Zeal, symbolizing immortality, greed and power. It is destroyed by the red knife later known as the Masamune.Constantine - Mammon is the name of Satan's son, a key villain in the story. His goal is to conquer the Earth.Mozilla Firefox - In the The Book of Mozilla easter egg found on the Mozilla Firefox browser, the term Mammon is used to refer metaphorically to Microsoft Internet ExplorerSpawn (comics)-In the comic book Spawn Mammon is depicted as a handsome gentleman, suave and sophisticated. This demon is often seen making attractive deals with humans for their souls and is thought to be quite persuasive.TriadCity - Two ironic references to Mammon appear in the "NorthEast Third" district of the fictional world. A Temple of Mammon exists within the Capitoline Slum, one of the most poverty-stricken neighborhoods in the city. A Statue of Mammon is set in Horatio Alger Square, another poor district. Both of these references to Mammon as God of Wealth or God of Greed appear ironically in contexts of great poverty.Metropolis - In Fritz Lang's silent film, the hero (Freder) has a vision of a massive machine turning into Mammon and consuming workers who march into his open mouth.[edit] See alsoIn Spanish culture, where Mammon is not so well known, the image used to criticize the love of wealth is the golden calf[7], idolized by the Israelites against the will of God.[edit] References^ a b c Webster's Dictionary of the English Language Unabridged: Publishers International Press, New York, 1977.^ a b c Winston Dictionary: John C Winston Company, Philadelphia, 1954.^ Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary: Oxford University Press, 1992.^ Søk i elektroniske ordbøker^ The Catholic Encyclopedia: An International Work of Reference on the Constitution, Discipline, Doctrine, and History of the Catholic Church, C. G. Herbermann, E. A. Pace, C. B. Pallen, T. J. Shahan, and J. J. Wynne, editors, pg. 580, "Mammon" by Hugh Pope. The Encyclopedia Press, New York, 1913.^ Select Notes on the International Sabbath School Lessons, F. N. Peloubet, W. A. Wilde and Company, Boston, 1880.^ becerro de oro in the Diccionario de la Real Academia Española.[edit] External linksCatholic Encyclopedia: MammonJewish Encyclopedia: MamonEncyclopædia Britannica: MammonRetrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mammon" Categories: Demons in Christianity | Biblical phrases Views Article Discussion Edit this page History Personal tools Log in / create account if (window.isMSIE55) fixalpha(); Navigation Main page Contents Featured content Current events Random article Search Interaction About Wikipedia Community portal Recent changes Contact Wikipedia Donate to Wikipedia Help Toolbox What links here Related changesUpload fileSpecial pages Printable version Permanent linkCite this page Languages Dansk Deutsch Español Français 한국어 Interlingua Italiano ქართული Nederlands 日本語 Norsk (bokmål) Norsk (nynorsk) Polski Português Slovenščina Српски / Srpski Svenska 中文   This page was last modified on 29 September 2008, at 20:47. 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